discuss the meaning, characteristics and branches of philosophy

1. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
A rational
person is
someone
who
is sensible
and is able to
make
decisions
based on
intelligent
thinking
rather than
on emotion.

2. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

3. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

4. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
 The word Philosophy comes from the two Greek words philos (love) and
Sophia (Wisdom), (Abella 2016). 2016).
 is the study that uses the human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which governs all things. (Abella
2016)
 Thus, Philosophy is the love of wisdom. This is the most common
and simplest definition of Philosophy. Philosophy may also be defined as
a science of thinking that deals with the study of processes governing
thoughts and conduct, (Garcia 2016).

5. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
- Just as there are many ways
at looking at things, like,
experiences, situations,
problems, Philosophy can
also be seen and treated in
different ways. Philosophy
can be seen as a framework,
as an examination of
knowledge and as a
discipline. (Abella 2016)

6. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
- Whenever a person encounters a
problem, situation or a question life, he
or she often goes back to his or her
framework in order to make sense of the
problem. A framework is defined as a
way of thinking about the world and is
composed of views and beliefs of a
person. (Abella 2016). Philosophy then
as a framework could lead the person to
come up with something that may pave
the way for solutions or answer. The
framework of Philosophy aids the
personal framework of the person.

7. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
- Philosophy can also be treated as an
examination of a particular
area of knowledge. This means
that the principles of philosophy can be
used as an examination of other
disciplines or areas of knowledge. In the
long run, other areas of specialization
may benefit from the very nature of
philosophy, (Abella 2016).

8. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
- Philosophy in itself is a distinct
area of knowledge. It
has its own goals, concerns and ways of
doing things, (Abella 2016). Definitely,
philosophy is a discipline in itself.

9. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Logic
o a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of thinking and
reasoning using empirical support and information which are reliable,
valid and objective.
Two Types of Logic
a. Deductive Reasoning – from a general truth to specific truth, from
universal truth to particular.
b. Inductive Reasoning – from a specific truth to general truth,
particular to universal.
o it is the science of correct thinking.

10. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Epistemology
o a branch of Philosophy that concerns with the definition of
knowledge and related concepts such as the sources and criteria of
knowledge.
Two Contending Schools of Thought
a. Rational school – the main source of knowledge is deductive reasoning
based on self-evident principles or actions.
b. Empirical school – the source of knowledge is sense-perception.

11. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Ethics
o it comes from the Greek word “ethos” which means character.
o it is the science of correct doing.
o it is the study of what is right and what is wrong in human
behavior in the pursuit of beauty and goodness of life.

12. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Metaphysics
o it comes from the Greek words “meta” which means beyond and
“physikon” which means nature.
o it is branch of philosophy which is concerned with the nature of
ultimate reality.

13. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Aesthetics
o it is derived from the Greek word “aesthetikos” which means one
who is perceptive of things through his sensations, feelings
and intuitions.
o it is concerned with the essence of perception of beauty and
ugliness.

14. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
General Questions in Philosophy
Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.
A. Epistemology –Theory of Knowledge
• What is knowledge?
• Can we know?
• What is to know?
• How can we know?

15. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
General Questions in Philosophy
Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.
B. Ethics – Moral Philosophy
• What is freedom?
• Do we have free will?
• What is human act?
• Are our actions already determined?

16. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
General Questions in Philosophy
Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.
C. Philosophy of Art – Aesthetics
• What is beauty?
• What does it mean to be beautiful?

17. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
General Questions in Philosophy
Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.
D. Philosophy of Religion
• Does God exist?
• Can we prove the existence of God?
• What reasons are there to believe in God?

18. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
General Questions in Philosophy
Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.
E. Rational Psychology/Philosophy of Man/ Philosophical
Anthropology
• What is the essence and meaning of life?
• Does life make sense?
• What is good life?
• What is happiness?
• What is man? Who is man?
• Is man only his body, or man is his soul

19. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
General Questions in Philosophy
Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.
Philosophy is reflective and reflections arise from our experiences. Man is
rich with experiences both good and evil. These experiences are the
starting point of wonder and awe. Reason leads to reflection and that’s
what makes us human. We are capable of becoming aware of our
consciousness and daily activities. Man, by essence is reflective.
However, people nowadays have less time to think and reflect on their
experiences. Man is simply now becoming a contradiction of his own.
(Garcia 2016)

20. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
AYN RAND:
- “Philosophy studies the fundamental nature of existence, of man,
and of man’s relationship to existence. As against the special science,
which deals only with particular aspect, philosophy deals with those
aspects of the universe which pertain to everything that exists. In the
realm of cognition, the special sciences are the trees but philosophy is the
soil which makes the forest possible.”

21. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
1. The word Philosophy comes from two Geek words philos (love) and Sophia
(wisdom).
2. Philosophy is the study that uses human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons and principles which governs all things.
3. Philosophy is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns
and ways of doing things.
4. Philosophy is divided into several branches namely: Aesthetics, Logic,
Epistemology, Ethics, Metaphysics and Philosophical Anthropology.
5. Philosophy can be seen as a framework, as an examination of knowledge
and as a discipline.
6. Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.

22. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

23. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Ramos, CC.R. (2016). Intro. to the Philosophy of the Human Person, p.2-26
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRG-rV8hhpU
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