2. FOUNDATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC
• Part I: The Union and its Territories: Defines the structure of India as a
Union of states and Union Territories, outlining the distribution of powers
between them.
• Part II: Citizenship: Explains who is considered a citizen of India and how
citizenship can be acquired, lost, or restored.
• Part III: Fundamental Rights: Guarantees basic human rights like equality,
freedom of speech, and religion, acting as a shield against state
infringement.
3. PILLARS OF GOVERNANCE
• Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy: Guides the government
towards achieving social and economic goals like poverty reduction and
education for all,though not enforceable in court.
• Part V: The Union: Establishes the central government, outlining the roles
and powers of the President, Parliament, Supreme Court, and other key
institutions.
• Part VI: The States: Defines the structure and functioning of state
governments, including legislatures, executive bodies, and judiciary
4. ENSURING JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS
• Part VII: The High Courts: Creates a two-tier judicial system with High
Courts in each state acting as the highest courts for most matters.
• Part VIII: The Union Public Service Commission: Establishes an
independent body to conduct examinations and recruit civil servants for
the central government.
• Part IX: Panchayats:Empowers local self-governance in villages through
elected Panchayats.
• Part X: The Schedule Tribes: Grants special rights and protections to
historicallydisadvantagedtribal communities.
5. ADAPTING TO CHANGE
• Part XI: Miscellaneous Provisions: Includes various supplementary
provisions related to elections, languages, and other matters.
• Part XII: Amendments: Enables the Constitution to be amended by a special
procedure, allowing it to evolve and adapt to changingcircumstances.
• Additional Parts (XIV-XXV): Added over time to address specific issues like
education, goodsand services tax, and environmental protection.
