A subject in graduate school

1. GROUP 1
NANETTE PASCUAL
Overall Introduction
of the Topic
JUDY ANN BATALLA
History: It’s
Philosophy and Ethics
LIEZLE CADORNA
History and
Democracy
SHAIKA JADE PULIDO
History: Nationalism
and Patriotism
GUILLER BARRANTES
Human Nature and
Human History

4. HISTORY AND
PATRIOTISM/NATIONALISM
Presenter: SHAIKA JADE PULIDO

5. “
◈ What is the difference
between PATRIOTISM and
NATIONALISM ?

6. PATRIOTISM
◈ Written evidence in the late1653.
◈ It is taken from the Greek word patrios
meaning “of ones father”.

7. PATRIOTISM
◈ According to dictionary.com, it is
defined as “devoted love, support, and
defense of one’s country; national
loyalty

8. PATRIOTISM
◈ A patriot loves his country and is
proud of it for what it does.
◈ In 1770s, the word patriot refer to
“a member of a resistance
movement, a freedom fighter.”

9. NATIONALISM
◈ Evidence occurring just before the
19th century or almost 150 years
after the patriotism.
◈ Based on the word nation
ultimately from a Latin word –
“birth, tribe.”

10. NATIONALISM
◈ The feeling of being loyal to their
country, believing that their country is
above all other country.

11. NATIONALISM
◈ A nationalist loves his country and is
proud of it no matter what it does.
◈ Most nationalists assume that their
country is better than any other
country.

12. Patriotism/ Nationalism in the History…
◈ It has driven independence movements- like
the Zionist movement.
◈ A key factor in the rise of the German Nazi
Party and the Holocaust.
◈ Result of the Filipino Propaganda Movement
from 1872 to 1892.

13. Call yourself a patriot/ nationalist if you
consider these:
◈ Respect the flag and value Filipino
identity.
◈ Know your nation’s history and be able
to share with others.
◈ Be aware of the issues in our country.
◈ Stand proud for every Filipino
achievement.

14. Call yourself a patriot/ nationalist if you
consider these:
◈ Speak out our own language and not
hesitant to tell where you really came
from.
◈ Remember and commemorate our
heroes' sacrifices to our country.
◈ Respect everyone and value our
traditions.

15. “
◈ PATRIOTISM and
NATIONALISM are both
feelings of love to their
country.
Thank you!!!

16. Presenter: Liezle T. Cadorna

17. History is the study of change over time and it covers all aspect of
human society.
History is the study of the past and a form of collective memory.
History from a Greek word historia which means : or
. It is an umbrella term that
relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery,
organization, presentation and interpretation of information about
these events

18. HISTORIANS....
 is a person who studies and write about the
past and is regarded as an authority on it.
 are concern with the continous, methodical
narrative and research of past events as
relating to the huma race: as well as the study
of all history in time

21. The Concepts and Fundamental Principles
of Democracy

22. “RULED BY THE PEOPLE”

23. HISTORY:ITS PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS
Prepared by: Judy Ann A. Batalla

24. Philosophy of History
 is the philosophical study of history and its discipline.
How is philosophy related to history?
 Philosophy of history examines the theoretical
of the practice, application, and social consequences
of history and historiography.

25. What is Philosophy?
 literally, the term "philosophy" means,
"love of wisdom."
 philosophy is an activity people undertake
undertake when they seek to understand
fundamental truths about themselves, the
world in which they live, and their
relationships to the world and to each
other.
Philosopher
 people who study philosophy.
 lover of wisdom

26. Who is the father of philosophy?
 Socrates is the father of philosophy.
 His quest for truth and wisdom was greatly
influential during his time and continues to be so.
How did philosophy begin?
 Philosophy in the West begins in the Ionian Greek colonies of Asia Minor
with Thales of Miletus (l. c. 585 BCE) who inspired the later writers known
as the Pre-Socratic philosophers whose ideas would then inform and
influence the iconic works

27. The Three Most Famous Philosopher

30. Four Main Branches In Philosophy
 Metaphysics (theory of reality)
 Epistemology (theory of knowledge)
 Axiology (theory of value)
-ethics/moral philosophy (theory of right action)
 Logic (theory of inference)

31.  Philosophy involves not only forming one own answers to
such questions, but also seeking to understand the way in
which people have answered such questions in the past
 Philosophy of history, the study either of
the historical process and its development or of the
methods used by historians to understand their material.
 means to search for wisdom in the study of history.
Why History Need Philosophy

32. History and Ethics:
 History and ethics have a close relationship.
Although a true historian is not expected to pass
distinct and sensitive judgments on the historical
incidents and characters, yet he must know about
the ethical principle of the time which influenced
the conduct of the people in the past
 A historian must understand and master this science
science of ethics to have a wider perspective of the
issue.

33. WHAT IS ETHICS?
 The study of ethics often concerns what we ought to do
and what it would be best to do. In struggling with this
issue, larger questions about what is good and right
arise. So, the ethicist attempts to answer such questions
as:
 What is good? What makes actions or people good?
 What is right? What makes actions right?
 Is morality objective or subjective?
 How should I treat others?

34. What are the origins of ethics?
 The known history of pure ethics or ethics (moral) theories begin
with ancient Greek philosophers (Sophists, Socrates, Socratic
schools, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Stoics) and after recovered by
early English positivists has been the main topic of discussions in
the Medieval times in Europe.
Who founded ethics?
 Immanuel Kant
 The German philosopher Immanuel Kant is the founder of
ethics.

38.  Ethics can give real and
practical guidance to
our lives.

39. Why History Need Ethics
 The need of history to ethics is
for saving itself from all the
violence and terror.
 So the work of honest history is
crucial to humanity’s ability to
achieve a better future.

40. HUMAN NATURE and HUMAN
HISTORY (An analytic of the Nature
of Man and the Value of History)

41. WhatisHuman?
Humans (Homo sapiens) are the most
populous and widespread species of
primates, characterized by bipedality
and large complex brains enabling the
development of advanced tools,
culture and language.

42. What is Nature?
It it’s the phenomena of the physical
world collectively, including plants,
animals, landscape and other features
and products of the earth as opposed
to humans or human creations.

43. Human Nature is a concept that denotes the
fundamental dispositions and characteristics
including ways of thinking, feeling and acting that
humans are said to have naturally.

44. Karl Heinrich Marx was a
German philosopher,
economist, historian,
sociologist, political
theorist, and a journalist.
He suggested that “
human are capable of
making or shaping their
own nature to some
extent.

45. Plato was an Athenian
philosopher during the
Classical period in Ancient
Greece.
He asserts that our human nature
is that we have the capacity to use
our reason to overcome appetite
and desire to make rational
decisions, and when the three
sections of our soul are not in
harmony, we experience mental
conflict or irrationality.

46. Edward Osborne Wilson is
an American biologist,
naturalist and a writer.
He is also known as “The
Darwin of the 21st
century”
He proposed that the
human nature is a
collection of genetic
patterns of mental
development.

47. BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
The evolution of humans
as primates from
primitive animals gives “
the biological basis of
(human) social behavior

48. GENETICS
 It determines the
phenotype (observable
quality) of an organism,
including humans.

49. PSYCHOLOGY
 The IQ’s of siblings show
great variance or
similarity depending on
genes
 Even though adoptive
siblings have the same
nurture during childhood,
their IQ diverges during
adolescence

50. BIRTH ORDER
 Many psychologists
speculate that the birth
order of siblings affect
their individual
personalities and
intelligences

51. Id
 Sigmund Freud’s theory
describes the Id.
 The Id reflects the human
nature
 Id is the manifestation of
instincts

52. Human Instinct
 Humans have both a
pleasure -seeking drive
and a death drive.

53. Homosexuality
 In psychology, the
fraternal birth order
effect states that the
more older brothers a
male has, he is more likely
to have a homosexual
sexual orientation.

54. Theories of Human Nature
Psychological Egoism
Traditional Western View
Rationalist View
Religious View

55. Psychological Egoism
Human beings are simply physical bodies in
motion; they always act in self- interested,
aggressive ways (Freud, Hobbes, Schlick)

56. Traditional Western View
All human beings have an enduring, rational,
independent, spiritual self separate from the body.

57. Rationalist View
Reason can achieve happiness by controlling our
appetites and aggression (Plato, Aristotle)

58. Religious View
Through love of God and others, we can be happy
by fulfilling our call to be God-like (Augustine)

59. Human History
It is the narrative of humanity’s
past, it is understood through
archeology, anthropology, genetics,
and linguistics

60. How do scientists know about an early man who
lived 3 million years ago? LUCY TOLD THEM
1974
Africa
Female bone
2O Years Old
4 feet and 50 pounds

61. FOSSILS ARTIFACTS

62. Paleolithic Era
It is a period in human prehistory
distinguished by the original
development of stone tools.

63. Paleolithic Era

64. Neolithic Era
It is the Final division of the
Stone Age, with a wide ranging
set of developments that appear
to have arisen independently in
several parts of the world.

65. Neolithic Era