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the Documentary codes and conventions.ppt
- 1. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Documentary codes and conventions
- 2. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Codes & conventions • Evolved over time due largely due to dissatisfaction with previous ‘modes’. • New Technology, different ideologies and a new sense of creativity and ownership led documentary makers to change convention and test boundaries.
- 3. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Codes & conventions • Today documentaries consist of many different elements of the different ‘modes’ although there will generally be a dominant ‘mode’ that will run consistently throughout.
- 4. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Expository Mode • Characterised by: • 'Voice of God' narration directly addressing the viewer • Direct relationship between images and voice-over • Interviews used only in support of the film's argument • A conventional narrative structure • A narrator who also may appear as a 'character' in the film (such as David Attenborough)
- 5. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Observational Mode • Characterised by: • A non-interventionist or fly-on-the-wall style of presentation • Unobtrusive camera work, appearing to offer a 'window on the world’ • Relatively long takes connoting that nothing has been 'cut out’ • Zoom lenses and hand-held camera following the action • Editing which gives the impression of 'lived' or 'real' time • Speech which is overheard and not directed to camera or audience • Synchronous sound • Only diegetic music (originating in the documentary's world)
- 6. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Interactive Mode • Characterised by: • The acknowledged presence of the camera and crew • The film-maker speaking directly to her/his subjects • An emphasis on monologues and dialogues • Representation of multiple viewpoints, contributing different information • Editing which maintains logical continuity • No definitive argument, leaving the audience to decide
- 7. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Reflexive Mode • Characterised by: • Acknowledgement of the medium to problematise it • Discussion of the problems of making the documentary • Making explicit the process of representation • Making explicit institutional issues (such as who is funding it)
- 8. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Performative Mode • Where the documentary maker 'stars' in his/her own film, is also self-reflexive, such as in Supersize Me(2004).
- 9. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Examples of Expository • Some wildlife programmes • Current Affairs documentaries (eg. Panorama & Tonight) • Cops.
- 10. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Examples of Observational • The Osborne’s • Big Brother • The Family
- 11. >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Examples of Participatory • Morgan Spurlock - ie Supersize me • Michael Moore – ie Farenheit 9/11 • Nick Broomfield – i.e Tupac and Biggie.