2. Robert Hooke discovered the
first cells. Cork Cells were
thought to have been these
cells.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek was
first to observe one celled living
things. Examples of these were
bacteria and parameciums.
3. The Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest living things.
All organisms living today are descendents of an
ancestral cell.
Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells.
The cell theory (proposed independently in 1838
and 1839) is a cornerstone of biology.
Schleiden
Schwann
7. Cytosol
Cytoplasm refers to the jelly-like material with organelles in
it.
If the organelles were removed, the soluble part that would
be left is called the cytosol. It consists mainly of water with
dissolved substances such as amino acids in it.
8. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolu
s
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
9. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
1. Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus that helps make ribosomes
10. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
11. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
2. Ribosomes
Function: makes proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
12. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of
the cell
13. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 Types:
1. Rough ER:
Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it
has ribosomes
1. Smooth ER:
NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids
15. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
16. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
4. Golgi Complex
Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location
inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
17. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes)
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: to break down food into
particles the rest of the cell can use and
to destroy old cells
19. Cell suicide (suicide is bad for
cells, but good for us!)
(The lysosome is not found
in plant cells)
21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
6. Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
23. Now let’s talk about structures only
found in PLANT Cells!!
24. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuol
e
25. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
7. Vacuole (central)
Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts
The Central Vacuole Controls Turgor Pressure
27. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
28. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
8. Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment
30. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell
Wall
31. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
9. Cell Wall
Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells