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Transportation Procurement and
           Payment
         Gain Control over Spend


              February 2010
               Bob Heaney




         ~ Underwritten, in Part, by ~
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 2




                     Executive Summary
Through survey-based research conducted in January 2010 involving 236          Research Benchmark
respondents, this Aberdeen Group benchmark report investigates the key         Aberdeen’s Research
capabilities that make transportation procurement and payment an               Benchmarks provide an in-
important strategic initiative in today's economy. Given the pressures being   depth and comprehensive look
faced by today's transportation organizations, this report details how Best-   into process, procedure,
in-Class shippers have leveraged transportation spend management               methodologies, and
solutions together with process improvements to keep costs under control       technologies with best practice
and maintain high levels of carrier and freight performance.                   identification and actionable
                                                                               recommendations

Best-in-Class Performance
Aberdeen used the following four key performance criteria to distinguish
Best-in-Class performers with respect to transportation procurement and
payment. They achieve:
    •   5.71% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight spend (per unit
        handled)
    •   95.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract cost
    •   94.7% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing compliance
    •   2.84 days to process a freight invoice from receipt to payment
                                                                                 “We’re optimistic that we can
Competitive Maturity Assessment                                                  save $3 to $4 million dollars in
Survey results show that the firms enjoying Best-in-Class performance            reduced contract and
                                                                                 accessorial rates.”
shared several common characteristics. They are:
                                                                                 ~ Gregg Bostick, Vice President
    •   1.85-times as likely as Industry Average, and 4.3-times as likely as         of Transportation, Pinnacle
        Laggards to have a centralized spend management platform in place                                 Foods
        capable of multi-language and multi-currency
    •   1.6-times as likely as Industry Average, and 6-times as likely as
        Laggards to use an electronic routing of a TMS solution for daily
        carrier selection
    •   1.3-times as likely as Industry Average, and 1.43-times as likely as
        Laggards to have a single person or department manage
        transportation spend globally
Required Actions
In addition to the specific recommendations in Chapter Three of this
report, to achieve Best-in-Class performance, companies must:
    •   Begin improving transportation spend management by automating
        either contract procurement or freight audit and payment
    •   Complete the spend management loop to gain control over spend
    •   Consider community benchmarking for even greater reduction of
        contracted rates


© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                               Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                           Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 3




Table of Contents
Executive Summary....................................................................................................... 2
  Best-in-Class Performance..................................................................................... 2
  Competitive Maturity Assessment....................................................................... 2
  Required Actions...................................................................................................... 2
Chapter One: Benchmarking the Best-in-Class.................................................... 4
  Business Context ..................................................................................................... 4
  The Maturity Class Framework............................................................................ 5
  The Best-in-Class PACE Model ............................................................................ 6
  Best-in-Class Strategies........................................................................................... 7
Chapter Two: Benchmarking Requirements for Success.................................10
  Capabilities and Enablers......................................................................................14
Chapter Three: Required Actions .........................................................................23
  Laggard Steps to Success......................................................................................23
  Industry Average Steps to Success ....................................................................23
  Best-in-Class Steps to Success ............................................................................24
Appendix A: Research Methodology.....................................................................26
Appendix B: Related Aberdeen Research............................................................28
Featured Underwriters..............................................................................................29
Figures
Figure 1: The Pressure to Improve Transportation Spend Management ........ 5
Figure 2: Best-in-Class Strategic Actions................................................................. 7
Figure 3: Management's Directives for Creating Change ..................................10
Figure 4: A Single Point of Control for Increased Flexibility ............................15
Figure 5: Savings Start With Data Visibility and Access.....................................16
Figure 6: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Carrier
Performance .................................................................................................................17
Figure 7: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Internal Compliance .18
Figure 8: The Transportation Closed Loop Process ..........................................19
Figure 9: Technology Being Leveraged by the Best-in-Class.............................20
Tables
Table 1: Top Performers Earn Best-in-Class Status.............................................. 5
Table 2: The Best-in-Class PACE Framework ....................................................... 6
Table 3: The Competitive Framework...................................................................12
Table 4: Key Knowledge Management Differentiators ......................................16
Table 5: The PACE Framework Key ......................................................................27
Table 6: The Competitive Framework Key ..........................................................27
Table 7: The Relationship Between PACE and the Competitive Framework
.........................................................................................................................................27



© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                                                                        Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                                                                                    Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 4




                  Chapter One:
           Benchmarking the Best-in-Class
Business Context
                                                                                Best-in-Class utilize highly
Companies have been managing complex transportation procurement and
                                                                                automated technology:
payment processes for a long time - they have been evolving and maturing
since the 1980's. How well those processes were being managed and the           √ 60% TMS routing guide for
overall cost to the company has suddenly become more important from a             day-to-day carrier selection
corporate standpoint. In Aberdeen's October 2009 report, Integrated               decisions
Transportation Management: Improve Responsiveness with Real-Time Control of     √ 53% specialized freight audit
Execution, almost 65% of respondents indicated that managing transportation       and payment tool
and shipping costs was one of the biggest challenges facing their
organization. The credit crunch and volatile fuel charges caught many           √ 34% (TMS) transportation
organizations by surprise and they lacked sufficient processes to manage the      procurement module
changes effectively. This sudden shift in economic drivers still continues to
be a concern and is one of the key reasons behind the pressures facing
many logistics executives. In addition, the lowering of demand from end
consumers has resulted in several shippers scrambling to lower their
production and in turn lower their shipments to regional distribution
centers, customer warehouses, etc. The top strategy for 47% of
respondents from a survey of 180 companies (from the October TMS 2009
study) was to "renegotiate contracts with carriers" where Best-in-Class
companies were 1.7-times as likely as Laggards to take this action – leaving
ample room for improvement.
Not only have volatile freight costs and shipping charges forced many
executives to panic and throw more resources at trying to solve the
problem, but more groups within the organization are suddenly seeing the
true costs behind transportation and are creating mandates to try and bring
it under control. As shown in Figure 1, over one-third of the respondents
are in a situation where not only is more of the company aware of the cost
and service impact of transportation on the overall supply chain, but they
are now being faced with the company executives asking for something to
be done about it. Thirty-five to forty-five percent (35% to 45%) of these
executives are looking for process and technology improvement in
transportation payment and procurement in the next 12-months.




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                 Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                             Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
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Figure 1: The Pressure to Improve Transportation Spend
Management

      Volatility of freight costs and/or f uel
                                                                                 50%
                                surcharges

    Increasing awareness of the cost and
                                                                           43%
          service impact of transportation

         Corporate mandate to improve or
                                                                   30%
 f ormalize transportation spending control

    Sourcing complexity due to increased
                                                               24%
     globalization / low-cost country shif ts

  Customers demanding f aster and more
                                                           18%
                   f requent deliveries

                                             0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
                                               Percentage of Respondents, n = 236
                                                 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

This can be even more of an issue for companies which have very thin profit
margins, where operational efficiencies in the distribution process can be
critical. But the complexity of the global supply chain and the scale of
inbound and outbound spend control demands a tighter synchronization of
both the procurement and payment aspects of transportation management.

The Maturity Class Framework
Aberdeen used four key performance criteria to distinguish the Best-in-
Class from Industry Average and Laggard organizations. Table I provides
companies with a framework to benchmark their performance against the
four classifications.

Table 1: Top Performers Earn Best-in-Class Status
    Definition of
                                          Mean Class Performance
   Maturity Class
                              5.71% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight
                              spend (per unit handled)
    Best-in-Class:            95.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract
       Top 20%                cost
      of aggregate            94.7% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing
  performance scorers         compliance
                              2.84 days to process a freight invoice from receipt to
                              payment




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                   Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                               Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
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    Definition of
                                      Mean Class Performance
   Maturity Class
                            3.08% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight
                            spend (per unit handled)
  Industry Average:         88.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract
      Middle 50%            cost
      of aggregate          88.2% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing
  performance scorers       compliance
                            7.11 days to process a freight invoice from receipt to
                            payment
                            0.65% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight
                            spend (per unit handled)
       Laggard:             50.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract
     Bottom 30%             cost
      of aggregate          57.8% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing
  performance scorers       compliance
                            10.04 days to process a freight invoice from receipt
                            to payment
                                           Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

The Best-in-Class PACE Model
Leveraging technology is not enough to drive performance improvements
across an organization. To achieve corporate goals that drive efficiencies
and cost-savings around transportation spend requires a combination of
strategic actions, organizational capabilities, and enabling technologies that
can be summarized in Table 2.

Table 2: The Best-in-Class PACE Framework
  Pressures           Actions                           Capabilities                                   Enablers
 Volatility of     Improve our         Overall                                                Automated data conversion
 freight costs     internal ability to Procurement and payment are both automated             Electronic routing guides
 and/or fuel       analyze freight      and fully integrated                                  Transportation procurement
 cost              spend                Measure carrier compliance to contract by             and payment module of a
 surcharges        Improve our          invoice accuracy                                      TMS
                   internal ability to Transportation procurement managed globally            Specialized freight audit and
                   source and                                                                 procurement tool
                                       Procurement
                   negotiate freight
                                        Electronic invoice presentment and payment with       Spend analytics
                   rates
                                        carriers                                              3PLs, LSPs, or freight
                                        Incremental, multi-round, or expressive bidding       companies with
                                       Freight audit and payment                              transportation procurement
                                                                                              and payment or freight audit
                                        Formal root cause analysis for repeat invoice
                                                                                              services.
                                        errors
                                        Tracking of total freight cost including
                                        accessorials
                                        Measure carrier compliance to contract by on-
                                        time delivery
                                                                                     Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010
© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                           Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                                       Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
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Best-in-Class Strategies
                                                                                            Fast Facts
Consistent with freight costs and volatility being the top two key pressures
among respondents, companies are focusing their strategies on controlling                   √ Companies that have less
spend. Best-in-Class organizations are 1.3-times more likely than Industry                    than $10 processing cost per
Average and Laggard companies combined to be pressured by executives to                       invoice are more than twice
                                                                                              as likely as their peers to use
improve transportation spend control. In response to both the external and
                                                                                              a specialized freight audit and
internal pressures, most companies are planning to attack individual pieces                   payment tool
of the spend management process (Figure 2).
                                                                                            √ Companies that have
Figure 2: Best-in-Class Strategic Actions                                                     reduced contracted freight
                                                                                              rates are twice as likely as
                                                                                              their peers to use a
     Automate data collection and analysis                                      44%           specialized transportation
                                                                                 46%
    on f reight spend / updates to rate tables                                41%             procurement tool

   Automate ability to source and negotiate                                     44%
    f reight rates and award optimal carriers                                  42%
                                                                        32%
        Enf orce adherence to routing guide                            30%
      / convert bid responses to rate tables                    21%
                                                               20%
     Collaborate and synchronize data with                           28%
                                                                    26%
    carriers, suppliers, and trading partners              14%
         Tie transportation, carrier selection,                 22%      Best-in-Class
                                                             17%         Industry Average
audit, and payment together in one process                  15%          Laggard

                                             0%   10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
                                              Percentage of Respondents, n = 236
                                                  Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

Without some level of automation, auditing 100% of freight invoices can be
a labor-intense process, and administrative costs eat away at whatever
monies are recovered due to closer scrutiny of invoices. Companies that
don't posses tools to assist with the process either throw labor at the
problem, or choose to only audit a small percentage of freight invoices. The
former solution is very expensive; the latter fails to identify invoicing errors,
and, more importantly, fails to provide an accurate shipment history
database that can be used to improve the entire spend management
process. A shipment history that only contains total cost on an invoice, and
is not broken down by accessorial charges is of limited benefit when
analyzing ways to improve network efficiency.

Closing the Loop
Best-in-Class companies in this study are three times as likely as their peers
to practice closed loop transportation spend management, as evidenced by
their achieving both automation and integration of procurement and
payment activities. Automation and integration are key characteristics
because they allow data to flow from step to step in repeatable processes
and from one stage to the next across the strategic actions depicted in

© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                            Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                                        Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 8




Figure 2. Industry Average and Laggard companies are 2.5-to 3-times more
likely to have manual processes in place, or to have automated one, but not
both of the key areas of spend management.
Interestingly, most companies are in a situation where they have automated
their audit and payment processes in some way, but have no similar levels of
automation in procurement. This is often due to the fact that for many
companies, transportation procurement is not centralized. It is performed at
the local or department level based on legacy carrier relationships, and
managed through the use of rudimentary tools like spreadsheets. Audit and
payment are more likely to have at least a base level of automation due to
the fairly widespread use of electronic invoice presentment and payment
technology, as well as companies' greater propensity to work with managed
services providers in this area.
Achieving a closed-loop system is usually a multi-step transition (see Figure
8 for an illustration of this system). Recognizing that procurement and
payment are unique functions in most companies, this report expands upon
these two primary categories at the front and back ends of transportation
spend, highlighting Best-in-Class methods for managing each.

                         Aberdeen Insights — Strategy

 Best-in-Class companies are more likely to be honest with themselves about
 the importance of the auditing process, and realistic about their own abilities
 to do it well. Consequently, these companies often choose to outsource
 freight audit and payment, either as a permanent solution, or as an interim
 step until such time as they can improve their internal ability to do it. This is
 a strategy that has produced results, as evidenced by the fact that Best-in-
 Class companies that outsource freight audit and payment were more likely
 than their peers to posses the following capabilities through their managed
 service providers:
     •   Practice electronic invoice presentment and payment with carriers
     •   Practice formal root cause analysis for repeated invoice errors
     •   Automatically audit invoices against electronic rate tables
     •   Tracking of total freight cost including accessorials (e.g. detention
         and stop-off charges), fuel charges, and invoice dispute costs
 This is a testimony to the fact that managed service providers have made
 strides in improving their capabilities to serve the market.
                                                                          continued




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                            Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 9




                         Aberdeen Insights — Strategy

 Understanding the actual spend on transportation, including drilling down to
 all accessorials and surcharges is the most important first step to bringing
 spend under control and creating more strategic value. Despite the value of
 this information and its impact on the strategic actions behind transportation
 sourcing and procurement decisions, many organizations continue to rely on
 "perceived" costs versus actual costs and closing the loop on spend.
 Leveraging technology to track, analyze, and provide visibility to critical
 transportation spend data can be a differentiator and lead to reducing costs.
 Understanding actual costs by route, by carrier, or by the options available
 can be beneficial when planning and scheduling shipments. In addition to the
 value of data in the procurement process, leveraging this information and
 visibility in the audit and payment process can save hours of time and
 significantly reduce payment errors. The visibility of payment errors,
 improving payment compliance, and the ability to manage the audit and
 payment process strategically can have an additional costs savings impact.


In the next chapter, we will see what the top performers are doing to
achieve these gains.




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                            Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                        Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 10




              Chapter Two:
   Benchmarking Requirements for Success
While organizational changes can create a positive impact they should rarely        How the Best-in-Class are
be enacted until an organization has first focused on process and                   Evaluating Freight Rates:
technology. This approach is borne out in our survey results, as Best-in-           √ 84% compare to
Class companies were more likely to provide recommendations for process               competitors rates for pricing
(67%) and technology (64%) than for those concerning organizational
change.                                                                             √ 55% compare carries to
                                                                                      internal historical pricing
Figure 3: Management's Directives for Creating Change                               √ 43% utilize community data
                                                                                      from peers

    Recommendations f or                                             67%
        Process Changes                                               69%



     Recommendations f or                                           64%
 Technology Enhancements                                      57%



     Recommendations f or                              46%       Best-in-Class
    Organizational Changes                            44%        All Others


                         0%   10%     20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%                 80%
                                    Percentage of Respondents, n = 236

                                           Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

The following case study is an example of how one company has taken
control of their transportation spend, and managed to turn the corner to
become Best-in-Class.

   Pinnacle Foods Chooses Transportation Suite Starting With
                     Audit and Payment

 Pinnacle Foods is a large food manufacturer with household brands such
 as Duncan Hines, Vlasic, and Swanson. The company had been
 completely outsourcing its transportation execution as well as audit and
 payment to a managed service provider, but was only enjoying limited
 success. So shortly after hiring a new Vice President of Transportation,
 the company chose to set out on the path of closed-loop transportation
 spend management to better handle their $125 million USD in annual
 spend.
                                                                       continued




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                    Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                                Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 11




   Pinnacle Foods Chooses Transportation Suite Starting With
                     Audit and Payment

 Pinnacle chose the application suite approach, with a single software
 vendor providing the various components in the spend management
 wheel. Pinnacle chose a TMS with a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model,
 and began the project by implementing tactical planning and execution.
 Because Pinnacle had a closed-loop vision in mind, the company decided
 to proceed next with improving the audit and payment side of the wheel.
 The Return on Investment (ROI) in this area might be less than it would
 be to improve procurement, but Pinnacle knew that the data that
 resulted from a better audit and payment process would allow them to
 realize those procurement savings to an even greater level—they would
 just have to wait a little longer to see it.
 The company chose to bring their outsourced audit and payment process
 in-house by using a freight payment module from their TMS provider.
 Pinnacle also chose to implement self-invoicing. After the carrier submits
 an electronic proof of delivery to Pinnacle via the online system or
 through EDI, they are given an additional five days to submit any
 accessorial charges that may have been incurred. At that point, Pinnacle’s
 TMS calculates the amount the carrier is due and makes a payment.
 Carriers are normally paid net 28 days, but Pinnacle agrees to pay within
 seven days if the carrier is willing to offer a discount for such services.
 The results of this process have been significant—Pinnacle has saved
 $120,000 USD annually over paying a third party provider to perform
 this service, and they have not had to commit any additional
 administrative labor to audit and payment.
 To close the loop, Pinnacle chose the same TMS provider to host their
 first ever national transportation bid. Since the company already
 automated their audit and payment process, a rich database of freight
 spend data exists so that Pinnacle can host a very accurate bid process. In
 addition, their on-demand TMS provider is making use of community
 spend data to identify areas where Pinnacle is paying rates that are much
 higher than their peers. The TMS provider was able to bring an additional
 70 carriers to the bid table who might offer more competitive rates in
 those areas.
 “For us, it made sense to use a single technology platform for as much of
 the process as possible,” says Gregg Bostick, Vice President of
 Transportation for Pinnacle. “Our existing carriers are already
 communicating with us electronically through our TMS, so it was logical
 for us to use the same set of tools to host our freight bid. We’re
 optimistic that we can save $3 to $4 million dollars in reduced contract
 and accessorial rates.”




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                         Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                     Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 12




Competitive Assessment
Aberdeen Group analyzed the aggregated metrics of surveyed companies to
determine whether their performance ranked as Best-in-Class, Industry
Average, or Laggard. In addition to having common performance levels, each
class also shared characteristics in five key categories: (1) process (the
approaches they take to execute daily operations); (2) organization
(corporate focus and collaboration among stakeholders); (3) knowledge
management (contextualizing data and exposing it to key stakeholders);
(4) technology (the selection of the appropriate tools and the effective
deployment of those tools); and (5) performance management (the
ability of the organization to measure its results to improve its business).
These characteristics (identified in Table 3) serve as a guideline for best
practices, and correlate directly with Best-in-Class performance across the
key metrics.

Table 3: The Competitive Framework

                   Best-in-Class             Average              Laggards
   Process       Strategic bid allocation based on business performance of
                 carriers
                         73%                    47%                   21%
                 Practice multi-round bidding
                         58%                    40%                   30%
                 Practice incremental bidding as requirements change between
                 bid contracts
                         52%                    29%                   16%
                 Centralized transportation spend management platform in
                 place, capable of multi-language, multi-currency
                         52%                    28%                   12%
Organization A single person or department is responsible for managing all
                 spend activities across all of our departments/divisions
                         70%                    54%                   49%
                 Transportation procurement managed globally
                         69%                    44%                   34%
 Knowledge       Tracking of total freight cost including accessorials (e.g.
                 detention and stop-off charges), fuel charges, and invoice
                 dispute costs
                         64%                    54%                   33%
                 Real-time ranking and analytics visible during procurement
                 selection process
                         56%                    34%                   17%
                 Over 90% of the company's transportation invoices are
                 currently audited
                         44%                    31%                   19%

© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                         Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                     Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 13




                   Best-in-Class             Average               Laggards
Technology       Utilizing electronic data conversion for:
                   65% - electronic      44% - electronic      33% - electronic
                   invoice               invoice               invoice
                   presentment and       presentment and       presentment and
                   payment with          payment with          payment with
                   carriers              carriers              carriers
                   57% -Electronically   37% -Electronically   19% -Electronically
                   assisted bid          assisted bid          assisted bid analysis
                   analysis              analysis              10% - Electronic
                   54% - Electronic      29% - Electronic      bid allocation
                   bid allocation        bid allocation        optimization to
                   optimization to       optimization to       award lanes
                   award lanes.          award lanes.
                 Utilizing technology components:
                   60% - TMS routing     36% - TMS routing     10% - TMS routing
                   guide for day-to-     guide for day-to-     guide for day-to-
                   day carrier           day carrier           day carrier
                   selection decisions   selection decisions   selection decisions
                   53% -Specialized      44% -Specialized      27% -Specialized
                   freight audit and     freight audit and     freight audit and
                   payment tool          payment tool          payment tool
                   34% -(TMS)            34% - (TMS)           13% - (TMS)
                   Transportation        Transportation        Transportation
                   procurement           procurement           procurement
                   module                module                module
                 Utilizing highly automated data conversion for:
                   50% - Audit and       32% - Audit and       12% - Audit and
                   payment of            payment of            payment of
                   truckload or less-    truckload or less-    truckload or less-
                   than-truckload        than-truckload        than-truckload
                   invoices              invoices              invoices
                   42% - Audit and       29% - Audit and       16% - Audit and
                   payment of parcel     payment of parcel     payment of parcel
                   carrier invoices      carrier invoices      carrier invoices
                   33% -                 20% -                 6% - Procurement
                   Procurement of        Procurement of        of truckload or
                   truckload or less-    truckload or less-    less-than-truckload
                   than-truckload        than-truckload        contracts
                   contracts             contracts
Performance      Practice online collaboration with carriers for invoice
                 exception handling
                         44%                    29%                   22%
                 Use incentive-based freight contracts
                         34%                    20%                   18%
                                           Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010



© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                 Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                             Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 14




Capabilities and Enablers
Based on the findings of the Competitive Framework and interviews with end         “By outsourcing our audit and
                                                                                   payment process we’ve been
users, Aberdeen’s analysis of the Best-in-Class shows that the key to taking
                                                                                   able to reduce our freight
control and managing transportation spend begins with gaining visibility to        spend by more than $500k
upstream transactions and using that data as critical input to subsequent          since 2006. We’ve even
activities from routing, audit and pay and back again to eventually feed future    reduced our errors down to 12
procurement decisions. While many strides are being made here, well over           to 15 last year out of the more
50% of all respondents are still relying on keying or manual processing for all    than 15,000 bills we pay
facets of the transportation spend process, including:                             yearly.”
      • Converting bid responses to contracts (78%)                                       ~ Tim Knepple, Logistics
      • Creation of RFPs for transportation bids (75%)                                          Manager, JustRite
                                                                                                   Manufacturing
      • Inputting carrier bid responses to a bid analysis tool (68%)
      • Converting freight contracts to rate tables (65%)
      • Inputting freight invoices into accounting systems (56%)
It is often argued that automating processes first will bring better data
visibility; however many practitioners today are of the belief that getting
technology in place that provides data visibility is the most important step
because it's that data that will help determine what additional technology is
necessary to drive more efficiency. The combination of technology with
process, knowledge management and organizational changes will create the
most impact. Best-in-Class performers are much further ahead and have
clearly separated themselves from the pack through achieving a 22% higher
percentage level of carriers who are compliant with contractual cost
(95.45% Best-in-Class versus 74.14% of all other companies – Industry
Average and Laggard companies combined).
Process
It is important to select the right carriers and doing so can elevate the
carrier's and a company's overall attainment of both contract cost and
routing compliance. Top performers exceed 94% compliance (Table I) while
Industry Average do not exceed 88.5% and Laggards do not exceed 58%.
We see a key differentiator for the Best-in-Class: they are 1.5-times as likely
as the Industry Average and 3.5-times as likely as Laggards to utilize strategic
bid allocation based on business performance of carriers (Table 3). This
illustrates the principle that selection and knowledge are tightly linked - you
need visibility to performance data to both select carriers and then to
monitor/ensure contract compliance.
Additionally, working in silos can be detrimental to any process, with or
without access to valuable data. Collaboration internally and externally adds
value to the decision making process and puts even more power in the
hands of employees, letting them automate and inform decisions they're
responsible for, while continuing to extend the processes to involve more
stakeholders. The Best-in-Class have done a good job of increasing
collaboration in the bid process through 1) multi-round bidding, and 2)
following up with incremental bidding to create more flexibility and control
in transportation spend management (Table 3). Frequent collaboration with
carriers and trading partners in the bidding process is yet another advantage

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www.aberdeen.com                                                                               Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 15




of top companies. Best-in-Class performers are achieving practice levels of
1.5- to 2-times higher than all others combined.
Turning attention towards how to streamline procurement and payment
processes, the focus should be on managing exceptions and improving data
conversion in spend management across the global supply chain. The Best-
in-Class are already doing more in utilizing global currency and multi-unit
data conversion as part of their solution with more than 50% practicing on a
centralized transportation spend management platform capable of multi-language,
multi-currency (Table 3). In an effort to take more control of transportation
spend and create more flexibility to avoid excessive charges, companies
should also investigate:
    • Real-time ranking and analytics visible during procurement selection process
    • Practicing online collaboration with carriers for invoice exception handling
    • Use of incentive-based freight contracts
Organization
The freight audit and payment process is post execution - it can only ensure
conformance to contracts or inform future negotiations. It's clear that the
true value to an organization's transportation spend management is around
the sourcing and procurement of freight. As can be seen in Figure 4, the
Best-in-Class are doing more to centralize control and focus on a global
vision for transportation spend management, providing them with a much
clearer view of the true cost of doing business.
The Best-in-Class are also taking to heart the argument to outsource
components that are non-differentiators and have typically taken more
resources to manage as relationships have become more complex.
However, there is still room for some debate as many solutions have gotten
to the point where companies can now more effectively manage their own
freight audit and payment process to their own comfort level. Almost 45%
of respondents that currently are managing their own audit and payment
process have no plans to outsource any time soon. Both options should be
considered in detail when restructuring the organization.
Figure 4: A Single Point of Control for Increased Flexibility
                         Best-in-Class        Average         Laggard
                                                                                            “Our timelines were lengthy
        70%                  69%                                                            and required a lot of
              54%                                                                           collaboration between us and
                 49%                              49%
                                   44%                                                      the carrier. Now we can
                                      34%               34%             33% 31%             provide better visibility on our
                                                           25%
                                                                                 21%        schedules and get more reliable
                                                                                            commitments and rates from
                                                                                            the carriers, creating a win-win
                                                                                            for both of us.”
      A single person or      Transportation    Freight audit and   All Freight Audit and
         department is     procurement managed payment managed      Payment outsourced,     ~ Max Beach, Logistics Manager
        responsible for           globally          globally          with no plans to                  at Northwest Pipe
      managing all spend                                                   change
       activities globally                                                        n = 236
                                                 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

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www.aberdeen.com                                                                                        Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 16




For companies that typically manage their own freight audit and payment,
without technology to automate and enable that process, the level of
complexity can only create more room for error. In the present study,
more than half of all responding companies reported handling either
procurement or payment manually. In the new world of global
transportation, the ramifications of errors are exacerbated and directly hit
the bottom-line when it comes to supply chain costs. Imagine having to
manually process hundreds or thousands of payments each month without
any automation in place to streamline the review and payment. Adding
headcount to tackle problems is not going to be an option; executives need
to re-evaluate the options available that don't include adding labor to
manage out-dated processes and to allow core resources to provide value
around analysis, not interpreting blurry faxes.
Knowledge Management
The Best-in-Class have done a better job of recognizing the value of data
and knowledge as part of a "closed loop" transportation management
process. This is illustrated by the level of current capabilities among Best-in-
Class performers as compared to all others regarding collaborative
knowledge to ensure competitive freight rates (as illustrated in Table 4).
Table 4: Key Knowledge Management Differentiators
     Best-in-Class               Industry Average                Laggards
Performance measurements for competitive freight rates
 90% - compare          84% - compare carriers       79% - compare carriers
 carriers to their      to their competitors'        to their competitors'
 competitors' pricing   pricing                      pricing
 56% - compare          55% - compare carriers       52% - compare carriers
 carriers to their own  to their own historical      to their own historical
 historical pricing     pricing                      pricing
 50% -utilize community 43% - utilize community      31% - utilize community
 data from our peers    data from our peers          data from our peers
                                           Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010
In order for companies to truly leverage their transportation spend data and
provide access for employees to leverage that information and make better
business decisions, the information cannot be kept on spreadsheets and
reside on local databases at each location.
Figure 5: Savings Start With Data Visibility and Access
        Freight Audit and
                                                                                   "We really had no centralized
    Payment Knowledge and
                                                           37%                     visibility to our transportation
    Data are shared internally
                                                      33%                          spend. This was the first step
        at the global level                         29%                            we needed to make in order to
                                                                                   start the process of bringing
                                                                                   our spend under control.
     Procurement Knowledge                            33%          Best-in-Class   Without the visibility,
       and Data are shared                                                         everything else we did would
                                                     31%           Average
      internally at the global
                                              24%                                  have been guess work."
                level                                              Laggard
                                                                                        ~ Chris Cavin, Director of
                                                                       n = 236          Transportation, RockTenn
                                           Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010
© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                   Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                               Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 17




It is the level of sharing and visibility to detailed knowledge and its ease of
integration into the overall transportation selection and management
process that allows top companies to deliver higher levels of performance in
carrier contractual compliance and reduced cost. The gap between the
Best-in-Class and Laggards focuses on the ability to move beyond traditional
processes like:
      • Manually processing bid and contract information with disparate
          data from numerous sources including printouts, faxes, and copies
      • Using spreadsheets to manage the bid process
      • Overly labor-intensive or incomplete audit processes that fail to
          match accurate activities and billing information
      • Manual processes for monitoring contract agreements and actual
          performance of carriers, often resulting in missed opportunities to
          flag billing / contract errors that could reduce spend
      • Lack of a means (other than labor-intensive data mining) to track
          and analyze data from the audit process in order to improve /
          negotiate relationships with carriers based on actual performance
          or contract changes
Performance Management
With much of the focus being on data visibility and access as a key
component of any transportation management process, and how it becomes
a key input to closed loop transportation spend management; it is how
effectively companies use that data that can be a key differentiator. In Figure
6 and Figure 7, it's clear that the Best-in-Class have done an exceptional job
of setting up performance measurements with their carriers and internally
to ensure that key business goals are followed and lead to driving down
transportation spend.

Figure 6: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Carrier
Performance

                                                                     88%
      On-time delivery                                               88%
                                                                     89%
                                                                   80%
     Invoice accuracy                                        71%
                                                     54%
                                                              74%
      On-time pick-up                                        71%
                                                     54%
                                                   50%
          Data quality                       39%
                                       29%                 Best-in-Class
              Tender                           44%         Industry Average
      acceptance rate                   31%
                               14%                         Laggard

                      0%       20%      40%      60%       80%           100%
                               Percentage of Respondents, n = 236
                                           Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010
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www.aberdeen.com                                                                         Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 18




Because more of the Best-in-Class have visibility to detailed transportation
spend data, they are better positioned to leverage that information in a
more dynamic fashion. This includes providing scorecards and
measurements at all points along the transportation spend process. For
example, it may be easy for companies, even with manual spreadsheets, to
track on-dime delivery. But the time to identify and utilize updated scores
for on-time delivery as well as invoice accuracy and other metrics during the
sourcing / tendering process is at risk with more complex situations, and
can have a dramatic effect on the ability to reduce overall costs.
It's not only important to understand carrier performance, but also to
understand internal compliance. Guidelines are in place for a reason and
ensuring that resources are using data to their advantage and making better
decisions is important to controlling costs.

Figure 7: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Internal
Compliance

                                                                77%
        Payment time                                  64%
                                                    58%
                                                    57%
 Volume commitments                                       68%
                                                          67%
                                         36%
     Invoice accuracy                            51%
                                               45%
                                       32%
          Data quality                31%
                                    25%
                                      32%                 Best-in-Class
     Driver wait times               30%                  Industry Average
                                    27%                   Laggard

                     0%       20%      40%       60%        80%       100%
                              Percentage of Respondents, n = 236

                                         Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010


Technology
The concept of technology enablement within a closed loop transportation
management platform is not new. Indeed this is very much in keeping with a
key finding of Aberdeen's research demonstrating that companies are
departing from thinking about transportation management in a linear format
and, instead, as a closed loop, with each step in the process feeding the
subsequent ones. Figure 8 depicts the "closed-loop spend management"
cycle, with the capabilities shown on the inner circle, and the enabling
technologies that drive integration and automation in the two outermost
circles. A common, but less effective alternative to the closed-loop concept
involves having the electronic flow of data cease at the audit and pay step.
The model shown in Figure 8 completes the loop by having the shipment

© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                           Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                       Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 19




history from the audit and pay step flow directly into a spend analytics step,
which is then used as a tool to create the request for proposal in the
procurement process.

Figure 8: The Transportation Closed Loop Process




                                           Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

Aberdeen research has found that companies take one of three distinct
approaches with acquiring/adopting enabling technology:
    •   A best-of-breed model
    •   A collaborative outsourcing model (leveraging third party providers)
    •   A single application suite.
The "best-of-breed" model involves the use of a combination of specialized
bid optimization tools, Transportation Management Software (TMS), audit
and payment applications, and spend analytics solutions to produce a
feature-rich platform of integrated applications. The outsourcing model
often leverages the same tools and process but involves an alliance with a
logistics service provider for procurement, audit/pay or both. Alternatively,
with a transportation management suite (single application suite approach),
the various steps in the loop are all offered by a single software developer.
In each case, the critical link to the individual processes is automated data
conversion to ensure that there is an efficient information exchange at each
step in the cycle.


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In almost every instance, companies that are able to leverage technology to
manage processes and remove the manual components of everyday tasks
are able to focus more on delivering value versus manually managing and
manipulating data. In using the Aberdeen methodology to analyze
technology usage, there continues to be greater adoption associated with
the Best-in-Class group and alignment with driving better performance in
key metrics. Across six different categories of technology usage (Figure 9),
over 40% of the Best-in-Class are taking advantage of opportunities to
automate as much of the processes as possible.

Figure 9: Technology Being Leveraged by the Best-in-Class

                                           Best-in-Class             Average                 Laggard
                                                                                                                                  n = 236
        65%
                                                                               60%
                              57%
                                                       54%                                             53%
              44%                                                                                            44%
                                    37%                                              36%
                    33%                                                                                                        34% 34%
                                                             29%                                                   27%
                                          19%
                                                                                                                                       13%
                                                                   10%                     10%



   Electronic invoice     Electronically assisted      Electronic bid     TMS routing guide for   Specialized freight  (TMS) Transportation
   presentment and             bid analysis       allocation optimization   day to day carrier  audit and payment tool procurement module
 payment with carriers                                to award lanes.      selection decisions

                      Electronic Data Conversion                                             Technology Components

                                                                                                       Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

In each case under electronic data conversion, the Best-in-Class are 2- to 6-
times as likely as Laggards to have automation in place especially around the
sourcing and procurement process, updating and auditing rate guides, and
optimally awarding lanes via electronic updates.
Under technology components, they are again 2.5- to 6-times as likely as
Laggards to use extensions of TMS procurement solutions and specialized
freight audit and payment tools to speed and automate the front-end to
back-end of closed loop transportation process and enable tighter spend
control.
Respondents have identified four key criteria for making technology
adoption and investment decisions, three of which point to the fact that
organizations understand the value of these solutions and are insisting that
there is an ability to create more of an end-to-end process environment.
The four criteria are:
    •     Feature and functionality / capabilities (67%)
    •     Price (65%)

© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                                                   Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                                                               Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 21




    •   The ability to interface with existing technology / solutions (65%)
    •   Ability to extend functionality of existing solutions (52%)
Following features, "price" is a key requirement and at 65% it is important
to contrast this with another key finding – over 40% of all respondents feel
that these solutions are still too expensive up-front, or too expensive /
difficult to implement. For these companies much of the upfront costs and
lead-times can be substantially reduced. As depicted in the Pinnacle case
study earlier, and as discovered by many who have conducted the proper
due diligence, it is important to be aware of the variety of solutions available
today and the deployment options they provide. The evolution of SaaS and
on-demand offerings from most solution providers has delivered on the
promise to decrease these historical hurdles. Companies must invest the
time to educate their decision-making teams on the latest options in order
to complete the proper due diligence around these solutions.

                 Case Study: Northwest Pipe Company

 Northwest Pipe Company is used to a lot of hands-on managing of their
 business in manufacturing large industrial pipe. However, the hands-on
 approach for managing transportation spend was suddenly not enough to
 keep up with the changing landscape of transportation needs. “We took a
 step back and realized that everything we were doing around managing our
 transportation was completely manual,” says Max Beach, Logistics Manager
 at Northwest Pipe. “We were managing a lot of paperwork and entering a
 lot of manual data; we were just keeping up, not being strategic.”
 Managing over 17,000 flat bed shipments per year in North America can be
 difficult, especially when rates and charges are changing under your feet. It
 was difficult to get a handle on exactly what contracts and commitments
 were in place and what the true level of spend was at any point in time. “We
 suddenly realized we had over 230 carriers but no idea if that was the right
 mix,” said Beach. Bringing a technology solution on-board that removed the
 manual processing and created online visibility was a catalyst for change.
 With lengthy planning times for their projects, getting quotes from
 carriers was difficult and required carriers to estimate extremely volatile
 costs. “Our timelines were lengthy and required a lot of collaboration
 between us and the carrier. Now we can provide better visibility on our
 schedules and get more reliable commitments and rates from the
 carriers, creating a win-win for both of us,” says Beach.
 Northwest Pipe has been running their solution some time and after only
 four months they’ve already seen tremendous improvement in the
 transportation spend management process. Utilizing the technology and
 services available to them from their spend management solution
 provider, their RFP events are more strategic and have uncovered savings
 they would not have been able to leverage in the past. “We’ve already
 seen a 30% drop in total freight spend and our ROI dropped from 18
 months to four months. We are finally leveraging transportation as a
 differentiator and not a cost bucket,” concluded Beach.

© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                             Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                         Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 22




                    Aberdeen Insights — Technology

 The adoption of technology to support the transportation spend
 management process has grown steadily year-over-year. Because there's
 been an increase in the awareness of the true cost of transportation and
 more direction from the top down to do something about it, companies
 are turning to vendors to help manage the complexity.
 At the same time, if you break down the details of where the increase in
 automation has occurred and where the focus has been, most companies
 are directly engaged in analyzing key spend data and using it as part of a
 more collaborative and dynamic bidding process, as well stressing
 collaboration during the audit and payment process for improved root
 cause analysis. To address these key areas many are looking to best-of-
 breed solutions to fill these needs.
 Best-of-breed solutions may be tailored for the needs of a particular
 industry, or offer specialize features that fill a unique requirement.
 Companies choosing this route should be aware that they will need to
 take greater responsibility for application integration. Conversely,
 Transportation Management Software Suites may offer all of the required
 capabilities from a single vendor, but may not have certain best-of-breed
 features. There is no right or wrong approach - but companies should
 understand the trade-offs with each method and be comfortable with
 them.
 A company with limited resources might consider working with a vendor
 that also offers managed services, one that has the ability manage the day-
 to-day processes initially or can help run the first carrier bid. Then, if it is
 desired, the shipper can wean itself off of the services and bring the
 processes in-house. Still others have found success in outsourcing both
 procurement and payment. The options are varied and successes are
 found in each technology/management solution.




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                              Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                          Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 23




                          Chapter Three:
                         Required Actions
Whether a company is trying to move its performance in transportation             Laggard Reasons for Not
spend management from Laggard to Industry Average, or Industry Average            Investing in Technology:
to Best-in-Class, the following actions will help spur the necessary              √ 36% software integration is
performance improvements:                                                           too difficult / expensive
                                                                                  √ 33% upfront costs of
Laggard Steps to Success                                                            changing processes are too
    •   Integrate and automate. Over 45% of Laggard companies rely                  high
        on spreadsheets to manage the procurement and payment                     √ 27% up-front costs of
        processes. The delay in decision making and error rate associated
                                                                                    solution too high
        with managing a manual paper trail can increase the underlying costs
        of managing transportation spend.
    •   Focus on value-add instead of punching the clock. The
        manual labor needed to manage paper processing of invoices is
        driving up the cost of managing spend and Laggard companies are
        expending the most at almost $24 per invoice. By automating or
        outsourcing the audit and payment process, resources can be
        utilized for more valuable activities like root cause analysis and bid
        optimization.
    •   Incorporate a global view. Working to get control of
        transportation spend data is the end-goal, however it's more
        important to get visibility and organizational control across the
        entire organization and remove the silos. Only 24% of Laggards have
        data visibility at a global level, and only 6% can share that data with
        external partners. Combining data into a global view will greatly
        increase spend analysis value-add opportunities and sharing with
        external partners will drive better performance.

Industry Average Steps to Success
    •   Continue to leverage technology investments. The adoption
        of procurement and payment related solutions has increased by
        roughly 50% in the last 12 months for the Industry Average and
        there are new SaaS options out there. Continuing to rollout process
        automation to free up resources and decrease the cost of managing
        spend is the next crucial step for executives.
    •   Data analysis: the next frontier. Less than a third of Industry
        Average companies are leveraging spend data visibility at a global
        level. Automating the processing of spend data is less than half the
        battle. Only 43% of Industry Average companies currently
        benchmark rates against community/peer data to track key trends.
        Leveraging transportation spend data and technology to automate
        the RFP process can greatly reduce year-over-year contract spend.


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    •   Is outsourcing right for you? The argument continues as to
        whether or not outsourcing is the best process improvement when
        it comes to managing freight audit and payment. With more
        complexity being associated with compliance guidelines and the lack
        of time and resources available to manually audit and process
        thousands of bills per month, outsourcing should be considered a
        viable option. Only 35% of Industry Average companies are
        outsourcing today.

Best-in-Class Steps to Success
                                                                                “A key reason for our success
    •   Create closer partnerships with strategic carriers. Utilizing
                                                                                has been that senior
        data to improve collaboration with carriers can increase savings and    management has allowed us to
        improve contract rates. Less than 10% of the Best-in-Class are          select the right tools for the
        leveraging spend data visibility and sharing with external partners,    job at hand.”
        especially carriers. Sharing critical data can increase the
        collaboration during the bidding process and provide carriers with      ~ Ann Deming, Transportation
                                                                                   Manager for Dry Truckload
        the opportunity to suggest alternative routes or negotiate rate
        options, lowering overall costs for both parties.                                    Freight, Unilever

    •   Implement scorecards to guide sourcing decisions. Once the
        true costs of freight spend are uncovered, score carding at a higher
        level can help drive further cost reductions. Rather than getting too
        lost in the individual charges, placing a score on each route and
        working to reduce the overall average cost per route can greatly
        improve savings and overall spend management. Currently less than
        30% of the Best-in-Class are attempting to negotiate all-in rates for
        freight options.
    •   Enforce compliance measures that benefit strategic goals.
        The Best-in-Class are utilizing more guidelines to measure carrier
        compliance, and also tracking their own compliance levels. With
        improved automation and data visibility there is an opportunity to
        put more strategic measures in place (on-top of common measures
        like on-time delivery or payment) to drive per-route scores and
        balance transportation spend across all routes in an effort to drive
        strategic business decisions. Currently, on-time delivery (92%) and
        invoice accuracy (88%) are the top measures in place - others can
        be advanced to these levels.
                    Aberdeen Insights — Summary

 The volatility and complexity in the world of transportation will continue
 to grow exponentially and every company is looking for ways to sustain
 costs. With this the case companies are continuing to gain transportation
 spend control.
                                                                    continued




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Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 25




                    Aberdeen Insights — Summary

 Closed loop transportation spend management is no small undertaking,
 but it is an important concept that should be the end goal of any
 company struggling to contain logistics costs. In order to avoid tunnel-
 vision, and focusing on only one link in the loop, it is necessary to have an
 executive level sponsor to tie disparate departments and processes
 together. Two very viable technology approaches are available (best-of-
 breed and application suite) and companies should evaluate both routes
 before deciding on the solution that is the best fit for their needs.
 Additionally these capabilities are available through Logistics Service
 Providers (LSPs). The benefits to having a closed loop process range from
 reduced freight spend to lower administrative costs in the accounts
 payable department - key accomplishments for any supply chain
 executive. While their peers focus on cost cutting in more traditional
 areas of logistics like load planning and routing guide compliance,
 innovative companies can achieve Best-in-Class status by focusing on
 transportation procurement and payment and tying these processes
 together in an efficient closed-loop process.
 The grace-period we're enjoying now will provide organizations around
 the world with the opportunity to step back and ask the critical
 questions about their own ability to fully understand supply chain costs
 and whether they're still operating a fragmented or a strategic closed
 loop transportation spend model. Many organizations want to think their
 supply chain is strategic and that the cost of producing and / or delivering
 products to their customers is in control and operating as efficiently and
 cost-effectively as possible. Many of these same organizations were
 caught off guard during the economic downturn and were not prepared
 to answer the question on what was "actually" spent on transportation.
 Supply chain executives want to be strategic and drive value. Getting
 costs under control has always been a goal. Understanding and managing
 transportation costs will be a significant competitive advantage going
 forward; it will separate companies that survive from companies that
 cease to exist.




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                           Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                       Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 26




                       Appendix A:
                   Research Methodology
Between January and February 2010, Aberdeen examined the use, the                Study Focus
experiences, and the intentions of more than 230 enterprises using               Responding transportation
transportation procurement and payment solutions in a diverse set of             management executives
enterprises                                                                      completed an online survey
                                                                                 that included questions
Aberdeen supplemented this online survey effort with interviews with select      designed to determine the
survey respondents, gathering additional information on transportation           following:
procurement and freight audit and payment strategies, experiences, and
results. Responding enterprises included the following:                          √ The degree to which TPP
                                                                                   solutions are deployed in
Responding enterprises included the following:                                     their operations and the
                                                                                   financial implications of the
    •   Job title: The research sample included respondents with the               technology
        following job titles: CEO / President EVP / SVP (16%)
                                                                                 √ The structure and
    •   VP (8%); Director (20%); Manager (37%); Engineer/staff (6%); and           effectiveness of existing TPP
        other (12%).                                                               implementations
    •   Department / function: The research sample included respondents          √ Current and planned use of
        from the following departments or functions: procurement, supply           TPP to aid operational and
        chain, or logistics manager (70%); IT manager or staff (7%); sales and     audit activities
        marketing staff other (12%); and senior management (7%).
                                                                                 √ The benefits, if any, that have
    •   Industry: The research sample included respondents from;                   been derived from TPP
        Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) (24%); OEM Equipment                         initiatives
        Manufacturers (19%); Wholesale Distribution (18%); Retail (11%);         The study aimed to identify
        Services (5%); and other (5%).                                           emerging best practices for
    •   Geography: The majority of respondents (68%) were from North             TPP, and to provide a
        America; Europe (16%) Asia-Pacific region (12%) and others (3%).         framework by which readers
                                                                                 could assess their own
    •   Company size: Twenty-two percent (22%) of respondents were from          management capabilities.
        very large enterprises (annual revenues above US $5 billion); 25% of
        respondents were from large enterprises (annual revenues above
        US $1 billion); 34% were from midsize enterprises (annual revenues
        between $50 million and $1 billion); and 19% of respondents were
        from small businesses (annual revenues of $50 million or less).
    •   Headcount: Twenty-six percent (26%) of respondents were from
        very large enterprises (headcount greater than 10,001 employees);
        25% of respondents were from large enterprises (headcount
        between 2,501-10,000 employees); 35% were from midsize
        enterprises (headcount between 101 and 1001 employees); and 14%
        of respondents were from small businesses (headcount between 1
        and 100 employees).




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Page 27




Table 5: The PACE Framework Key
                                                       Overview
 Aberdeen applies a methodology to benchmark research that evaluates the business pressures, actions, capabilities,
 and enablers (PACE) that indicate corporate behavior in specific business processes. These terms are defined as
 follows:
 Pressures — external forces that impact an organization’s market position, competitiveness, or business
 operations (e.g., economic, political and regulatory, technology, changing customer preferences, competitive)
 Actions — the strategic approaches that an organization takes in response to industry pressures (e.g., align the
 corporate business model to leverage industry opportunities, such as product / service strategy, target markets,
 financial strategy, go-to-market, and sales strategy)
 Capabilities — the business process competencies required to execute corporate strategy (e.g., skilled people,
 brand, market positioning, viable products / services, ecosystem partners, financing)
 Enablers — the key functionality of technology solutions required to support the organization’s enabling business
 practices (e.g., development platform, applications, network connectivity, user interface, training and support,
 partner interfaces, data cleansing, and management)
                                                                                     Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

Table 6: The Competitive Framework Key
                                                       Overview

The Aberdeen Competitive Framework defines enterprises           In the following categories:
as falling into one of the following three levels of practices   Process — What is the scope of process
and performance:                                                 standardization? What is the efficiency and
Best-in-Class (20%) — Practices that are the best                effectiveness of this process?
currently being employed and are significantly superior to       Organization — How is your company currently
the Industry Average, and result in the top industry             organized to manage and optimize this particular
performance.                                                     process?
Industry Average (50%) — Practices that represent the            Knowledge — What visibility do you have into key
average or norm, and result in average industry                  data and intelligence required to manage this process?
performance.                                                     Technology — What level of automation have you
Laggards (30%) — Practices that are significantly behind         used to support this process? How is this automation
the average of the industry, and result in below average         integrated and aligned?
performance.                                                     Performance — What do you measure? How
                                                                 frequently? What’s your actual performance?


                                                                                     Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010

Table 7: The Relationship Between PACE and the Competitive Framework
                      PACE and the Competitive Framework – How They Interact
Aberdeen research indicates that companies that identify the most influential pressures and take the most
transformational and effective actions are most likely to achieve superior performance. The level of competitive
performance that a company achieves is strongly determined by the PACE choices that they make and how well they
execute those decisions.
                                                                                     Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010



© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                           Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                                       Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 28




                              Appendix B:
                       Related Aberdeen Research
Related Aberdeen research that forms a companion or reference to this
report includes:
      •     Integrated Transportation Management: Improve Responsiveness with
            Real-Time Control of Execution,October 2009
      •     No Excuses! Why Optimizing Transportation Management is Within the
            Reach of Every Company, July 2008
      •     Achieving Closed-Loop Transportation Spend Management, January 2008
      •     The International Transportation Management Benchmark Report,
            October 2007
      •     Integrated Transportation Management—How Best-in-Class Companies
            View the World Differently, June 2007
      •     Winning Strategies for Transportation Procurement & Payment, February
            2007
Information on these and any other Aberdeen publications can be found at
www.aberdeen.com.




 Author: Bob Heaney, Senior Research Analyst , Supply Chain Management
 (bob.heaney@aberdeen.com)
Since 1988, Aberdeen's research has been helping corporations worldwide become Best-in-Class. Having
benchmarked the performance of more than 644,000 companies, Aberdeen is uniquely positioned to provide
organizations with the facts that matter — the facts that enable companies to get ahead and drive results. That's why
our research is relied on by more than 2.2 million readers in over 40 countries, 90% of the Fortune 1,000, and 93% of
the Technology 500.

As a Harte-Hanks Company, Aberdeen plays a key role of putting content in context for the global direct and targeted
marketing company. Aberdeen's analytical and independent view of the "customer optimization" process of Harte-
Hanks (Information – Opportunity – Insight – Engagement – Interaction) extends the client value and accentuates the
strategic role Harte-Hanks brings to the market. For additional information, visit Aberdeen http://www.aberdeen.com
or call (617) 723-7890, or to learn more about Harte-Hanks, call (800) 456-9748 or go to http://www.harte-hanks.com.

This document is the result of primary research performed by Aberdeen Group. Aberdeen Group's methodologies
provide for objective fact-based research and represent the best analysis available at the time of publication. Unless
otherwise noted, the entire contents of this publication are copyrighted by Aberdeen Group, Inc. and may not be
reproduced, distributed, archived, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent by
Aberdeen Group, Inc. (071309b)
© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                                                                   Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                                                               Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 29




                   Featured Underwriters
This research report was made possible, in part, with the financial support
of our underwriters. These individuals and organizations share Aberdeen’s
vision of bringing fact based research to corporations worldwide at little or
no cost. Underwriters have no editorial or research rights, and the facts and
analysis of this report remain an exclusive production and product of
Aberdeen Group. Solution providers recognized as underwriters were
solicited after the fact and had no substantive influence on the direction of
this report. Their sponsorship has made it possible for Aberdeen Group to
make these findings available to readers at no charge.




TMW Systems offers a uniquely capable and cost-effective platform for the
delivery of tailored TMS solutions to shippers and 3PLs that want to control
their costs and improve visibility to their domestic surface transportation
execution. TMW Enterprise Transportation Software (ETS) and
Optimization Software are designed to address the detailed planning and
execution processes for shippers primarily concerned with domestic surface
transportation activities—especially in combination with private fleets—and
for 3PLs managing commercial carriers and assets of their own.
For additional information on TMW Systems:
TMW Systems
21111 Chagrin Blvd.
Beachwood, OH 44122
Toll Phone: (216) 831-6606
Toll-free Phone: (800) 401-6682
Fax Number: (216) 831-3606
Company URL: www.tmwsystems.com
Email: Marketing@tmwsystems.com




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                          Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                      Fax: 617 723 7897
Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend
Page 30




U.S. Bank, a leader in corporate payments, is the world’s leading freight
payment provider. Through Syncada by Visa (formerly PowerTrack), a
business-to-business payment network offered by U.S. Bank, clients benefit
from a comprehensive global invoice processing and payment solution.
Integrated supply chain finance allows carriers to get paid sooner, while
shippers pay later. Robust pre-pay audits on 100% of invoices ensure
accuracy. On-line, real-time, collaborative exception resolution further
reduces cost and waste. The resulting data provides unmatched visibility to
cost and performance to optimize your supply chain. Improve cash flow,
eliminate paper invoices and checks, and streamline your process today.
For additional information on U.S. Bank Transportation Solutions:
U.S. Bank Transportation Solutions
200 South Sixth Street
Mailstop: EP-MN-L26C
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Toll-free Phone: (866) 274-5898
Company URL: www.powertrackglobal.com
Email: info@powertrack.com




© 2010 Aberdeen Group.                                                        Telephone: 617 854 5200
www.aberdeen.com                                                                    Fax: 617 723 7897

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Whitepaper transportation procurement_payment

  • 1. Transportation Procurement and Payment Gain Control over Spend February 2010 Bob Heaney ~ Underwritten, in Part, by ~
  • 2. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 2 Executive Summary Through survey-based research conducted in January 2010 involving 236 Research Benchmark respondents, this Aberdeen Group benchmark report investigates the key Aberdeen’s Research capabilities that make transportation procurement and payment an Benchmarks provide an in- important strategic initiative in today's economy. Given the pressures being depth and comprehensive look faced by today's transportation organizations, this report details how Best- into process, procedure, in-Class shippers have leveraged transportation spend management methodologies, and solutions together with process improvements to keep costs under control technologies with best practice and maintain high levels of carrier and freight performance. identification and actionable recommendations Best-in-Class Performance Aberdeen used the following four key performance criteria to distinguish Best-in-Class performers with respect to transportation procurement and payment. They achieve: • 5.71% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight spend (per unit handled) • 95.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract cost • 94.7% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing compliance • 2.84 days to process a freight invoice from receipt to payment “We’re optimistic that we can Competitive Maturity Assessment save $3 to $4 million dollars in Survey results show that the firms enjoying Best-in-Class performance reduced contract and accessorial rates.” shared several common characteristics. They are: ~ Gregg Bostick, Vice President • 1.85-times as likely as Industry Average, and 4.3-times as likely as of Transportation, Pinnacle Laggards to have a centralized spend management platform in place Foods capable of multi-language and multi-currency • 1.6-times as likely as Industry Average, and 6-times as likely as Laggards to use an electronic routing of a TMS solution for daily carrier selection • 1.3-times as likely as Industry Average, and 1.43-times as likely as Laggards to have a single person or department manage transportation spend globally Required Actions In addition to the specific recommendations in Chapter Three of this report, to achieve Best-in-Class performance, companies must: • Begin improving transportation spend management by automating either contract procurement or freight audit and payment • Complete the spend management loop to gain control over spend • Consider community benchmarking for even greater reduction of contracted rates © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 3. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary....................................................................................................... 2 Best-in-Class Performance..................................................................................... 2 Competitive Maturity Assessment....................................................................... 2 Required Actions...................................................................................................... 2 Chapter One: Benchmarking the Best-in-Class.................................................... 4 Business Context ..................................................................................................... 4 The Maturity Class Framework............................................................................ 5 The Best-in-Class PACE Model ............................................................................ 6 Best-in-Class Strategies........................................................................................... 7 Chapter Two: Benchmarking Requirements for Success.................................10 Capabilities and Enablers......................................................................................14 Chapter Three: Required Actions .........................................................................23 Laggard Steps to Success......................................................................................23 Industry Average Steps to Success ....................................................................23 Best-in-Class Steps to Success ............................................................................24 Appendix A: Research Methodology.....................................................................26 Appendix B: Related Aberdeen Research............................................................28 Featured Underwriters..............................................................................................29 Figures Figure 1: The Pressure to Improve Transportation Spend Management ........ 5 Figure 2: Best-in-Class Strategic Actions................................................................. 7 Figure 3: Management's Directives for Creating Change ..................................10 Figure 4: A Single Point of Control for Increased Flexibility ............................15 Figure 5: Savings Start With Data Visibility and Access.....................................16 Figure 6: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Carrier Performance .................................................................................................................17 Figure 7: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Internal Compliance .18 Figure 8: The Transportation Closed Loop Process ..........................................19 Figure 9: Technology Being Leveraged by the Best-in-Class.............................20 Tables Table 1: Top Performers Earn Best-in-Class Status.............................................. 5 Table 2: The Best-in-Class PACE Framework ....................................................... 6 Table 3: The Competitive Framework...................................................................12 Table 4: Key Knowledge Management Differentiators ......................................16 Table 5: The PACE Framework Key ......................................................................27 Table 6: The Competitive Framework Key ..........................................................27 Table 7: The Relationship Between PACE and the Competitive Framework .........................................................................................................................................27 © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 4. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 4 Chapter One: Benchmarking the Best-in-Class Business Context Best-in-Class utilize highly Companies have been managing complex transportation procurement and automated technology: payment processes for a long time - they have been evolving and maturing since the 1980's. How well those processes were being managed and the √ 60% TMS routing guide for overall cost to the company has suddenly become more important from a day-to-day carrier selection corporate standpoint. In Aberdeen's October 2009 report, Integrated decisions Transportation Management: Improve Responsiveness with Real-Time Control of √ 53% specialized freight audit Execution, almost 65% of respondents indicated that managing transportation and payment tool and shipping costs was one of the biggest challenges facing their organization. The credit crunch and volatile fuel charges caught many √ 34% (TMS) transportation organizations by surprise and they lacked sufficient processes to manage the procurement module changes effectively. This sudden shift in economic drivers still continues to be a concern and is one of the key reasons behind the pressures facing many logistics executives. In addition, the lowering of demand from end consumers has resulted in several shippers scrambling to lower their production and in turn lower their shipments to regional distribution centers, customer warehouses, etc. The top strategy for 47% of respondents from a survey of 180 companies (from the October TMS 2009 study) was to "renegotiate contracts with carriers" where Best-in-Class companies were 1.7-times as likely as Laggards to take this action – leaving ample room for improvement. Not only have volatile freight costs and shipping charges forced many executives to panic and throw more resources at trying to solve the problem, but more groups within the organization are suddenly seeing the true costs behind transportation and are creating mandates to try and bring it under control. As shown in Figure 1, over one-third of the respondents are in a situation where not only is more of the company aware of the cost and service impact of transportation on the overall supply chain, but they are now being faced with the company executives asking for something to be done about it. Thirty-five to forty-five percent (35% to 45%) of these executives are looking for process and technology improvement in transportation payment and procurement in the next 12-months. © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 5. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 5 Figure 1: The Pressure to Improve Transportation Spend Management Volatility of freight costs and/or f uel 50% surcharges Increasing awareness of the cost and 43% service impact of transportation Corporate mandate to improve or 30% f ormalize transportation spending control Sourcing complexity due to increased 24% globalization / low-cost country shif ts Customers demanding f aster and more 18% f requent deliveries 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Percentage of Respondents, n = 236 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 This can be even more of an issue for companies which have very thin profit margins, where operational efficiencies in the distribution process can be critical. But the complexity of the global supply chain and the scale of inbound and outbound spend control demands a tighter synchronization of both the procurement and payment aspects of transportation management. The Maturity Class Framework Aberdeen used four key performance criteria to distinguish the Best-in- Class from Industry Average and Laggard organizations. Table I provides companies with a framework to benchmark their performance against the four classifications. Table 1: Top Performers Earn Best-in-Class Status Definition of Mean Class Performance Maturity Class 5.71% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight spend (per unit handled) Best-in-Class: 95.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract Top 20% cost of aggregate 94.7% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing performance scorers compliance 2.84 days to process a freight invoice from receipt to payment © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 6. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 6 Definition of Mean Class Performance Maturity Class 3.08% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight spend (per unit handled) Industry Average: 88.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract Middle 50% cost of aggregate 88.2% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing performance scorers compliance 7.11 days to process a freight invoice from receipt to payment 0.65% year-over-year decrease in baseline freight spend (per unit handled) Laggard: 50.45% of carriers are compliant with their contract Bottom 30% cost of aggregate 57.8% of carriers are meeting their SLA routing performance scorers compliance 10.04 days to process a freight invoice from receipt to payment Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 The Best-in-Class PACE Model Leveraging technology is not enough to drive performance improvements across an organization. To achieve corporate goals that drive efficiencies and cost-savings around transportation spend requires a combination of strategic actions, organizational capabilities, and enabling technologies that can be summarized in Table 2. Table 2: The Best-in-Class PACE Framework Pressures Actions Capabilities Enablers Volatility of Improve our Overall Automated data conversion freight costs internal ability to Procurement and payment are both automated Electronic routing guides and/or fuel analyze freight and fully integrated Transportation procurement cost spend Measure carrier compliance to contract by and payment module of a surcharges Improve our invoice accuracy TMS internal ability to Transportation procurement managed globally Specialized freight audit and source and procurement tool Procurement negotiate freight Electronic invoice presentment and payment with Spend analytics rates carriers 3PLs, LSPs, or freight Incremental, multi-round, or expressive bidding companies with Freight audit and payment transportation procurement and payment or freight audit Formal root cause analysis for repeat invoice services. errors Tracking of total freight cost including accessorials Measure carrier compliance to contract by on- time delivery Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 7. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 7 Best-in-Class Strategies Fast Facts Consistent with freight costs and volatility being the top two key pressures among respondents, companies are focusing their strategies on controlling √ Companies that have less spend. Best-in-Class organizations are 1.3-times more likely than Industry than $10 processing cost per Average and Laggard companies combined to be pressured by executives to invoice are more than twice as likely as their peers to use improve transportation spend control. In response to both the external and a specialized freight audit and internal pressures, most companies are planning to attack individual pieces payment tool of the spend management process (Figure 2). √ Companies that have Figure 2: Best-in-Class Strategic Actions reduced contracted freight rates are twice as likely as their peers to use a Automate data collection and analysis 44% specialized transportation 46% on f reight spend / updates to rate tables 41% procurement tool Automate ability to source and negotiate 44% f reight rates and award optimal carriers 42% 32% Enf orce adherence to routing guide 30% / convert bid responses to rate tables 21% 20% Collaborate and synchronize data with 28% 26% carriers, suppliers, and trading partners 14% Tie transportation, carrier selection, 22% Best-in-Class 17% Industry Average audit, and payment together in one process 15% Laggard 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percentage of Respondents, n = 236 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 Without some level of automation, auditing 100% of freight invoices can be a labor-intense process, and administrative costs eat away at whatever monies are recovered due to closer scrutiny of invoices. Companies that don't posses tools to assist with the process either throw labor at the problem, or choose to only audit a small percentage of freight invoices. The former solution is very expensive; the latter fails to identify invoicing errors, and, more importantly, fails to provide an accurate shipment history database that can be used to improve the entire spend management process. A shipment history that only contains total cost on an invoice, and is not broken down by accessorial charges is of limited benefit when analyzing ways to improve network efficiency. Closing the Loop Best-in-Class companies in this study are three times as likely as their peers to practice closed loop transportation spend management, as evidenced by their achieving both automation and integration of procurement and payment activities. Automation and integration are key characteristics because they allow data to flow from step to step in repeatable processes and from one stage to the next across the strategic actions depicted in © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 8. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 8 Figure 2. Industry Average and Laggard companies are 2.5-to 3-times more likely to have manual processes in place, or to have automated one, but not both of the key areas of spend management. Interestingly, most companies are in a situation where they have automated their audit and payment processes in some way, but have no similar levels of automation in procurement. This is often due to the fact that for many companies, transportation procurement is not centralized. It is performed at the local or department level based on legacy carrier relationships, and managed through the use of rudimentary tools like spreadsheets. Audit and payment are more likely to have at least a base level of automation due to the fairly widespread use of electronic invoice presentment and payment technology, as well as companies' greater propensity to work with managed services providers in this area. Achieving a closed-loop system is usually a multi-step transition (see Figure 8 for an illustration of this system). Recognizing that procurement and payment are unique functions in most companies, this report expands upon these two primary categories at the front and back ends of transportation spend, highlighting Best-in-Class methods for managing each. Aberdeen Insights — Strategy Best-in-Class companies are more likely to be honest with themselves about the importance of the auditing process, and realistic about their own abilities to do it well. Consequently, these companies often choose to outsource freight audit and payment, either as a permanent solution, or as an interim step until such time as they can improve their internal ability to do it. This is a strategy that has produced results, as evidenced by the fact that Best-in- Class companies that outsource freight audit and payment were more likely than their peers to posses the following capabilities through their managed service providers: • Practice electronic invoice presentment and payment with carriers • Practice formal root cause analysis for repeated invoice errors • Automatically audit invoices against electronic rate tables • Tracking of total freight cost including accessorials (e.g. detention and stop-off charges), fuel charges, and invoice dispute costs This is a testimony to the fact that managed service providers have made strides in improving their capabilities to serve the market. continued © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 9. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 9 Aberdeen Insights — Strategy Understanding the actual spend on transportation, including drilling down to all accessorials and surcharges is the most important first step to bringing spend under control and creating more strategic value. Despite the value of this information and its impact on the strategic actions behind transportation sourcing and procurement decisions, many organizations continue to rely on "perceived" costs versus actual costs and closing the loop on spend. Leveraging technology to track, analyze, and provide visibility to critical transportation spend data can be a differentiator and lead to reducing costs. Understanding actual costs by route, by carrier, or by the options available can be beneficial when planning and scheduling shipments. In addition to the value of data in the procurement process, leveraging this information and visibility in the audit and payment process can save hours of time and significantly reduce payment errors. The visibility of payment errors, improving payment compliance, and the ability to manage the audit and payment process strategically can have an additional costs savings impact. In the next chapter, we will see what the top performers are doing to achieve these gains. © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 10. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 10 Chapter Two: Benchmarking Requirements for Success While organizational changes can create a positive impact they should rarely How the Best-in-Class are be enacted until an organization has first focused on process and Evaluating Freight Rates: technology. This approach is borne out in our survey results, as Best-in- √ 84% compare to Class companies were more likely to provide recommendations for process competitors rates for pricing (67%) and technology (64%) than for those concerning organizational change. √ 55% compare carries to internal historical pricing Figure 3: Management's Directives for Creating Change √ 43% utilize community data from peers Recommendations f or 67% Process Changes 69% Recommendations f or 64% Technology Enhancements 57% Recommendations f or 46% Best-in-Class Organizational Changes 44% All Others 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Percentage of Respondents, n = 236 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 The following case study is an example of how one company has taken control of their transportation spend, and managed to turn the corner to become Best-in-Class. Pinnacle Foods Chooses Transportation Suite Starting With Audit and Payment Pinnacle Foods is a large food manufacturer with household brands such as Duncan Hines, Vlasic, and Swanson. The company had been completely outsourcing its transportation execution as well as audit and payment to a managed service provider, but was only enjoying limited success. So shortly after hiring a new Vice President of Transportation, the company chose to set out on the path of closed-loop transportation spend management to better handle their $125 million USD in annual spend. continued © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 11. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 11 Pinnacle Foods Chooses Transportation Suite Starting With Audit and Payment Pinnacle chose the application suite approach, with a single software vendor providing the various components in the spend management wheel. Pinnacle chose a TMS with a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model, and began the project by implementing tactical planning and execution. Because Pinnacle had a closed-loop vision in mind, the company decided to proceed next with improving the audit and payment side of the wheel. The Return on Investment (ROI) in this area might be less than it would be to improve procurement, but Pinnacle knew that the data that resulted from a better audit and payment process would allow them to realize those procurement savings to an even greater level—they would just have to wait a little longer to see it. The company chose to bring their outsourced audit and payment process in-house by using a freight payment module from their TMS provider. Pinnacle also chose to implement self-invoicing. After the carrier submits an electronic proof of delivery to Pinnacle via the online system or through EDI, they are given an additional five days to submit any accessorial charges that may have been incurred. At that point, Pinnacle’s TMS calculates the amount the carrier is due and makes a payment. Carriers are normally paid net 28 days, but Pinnacle agrees to pay within seven days if the carrier is willing to offer a discount for such services. The results of this process have been significant—Pinnacle has saved $120,000 USD annually over paying a third party provider to perform this service, and they have not had to commit any additional administrative labor to audit and payment. To close the loop, Pinnacle chose the same TMS provider to host their first ever national transportation bid. Since the company already automated their audit and payment process, a rich database of freight spend data exists so that Pinnacle can host a very accurate bid process. In addition, their on-demand TMS provider is making use of community spend data to identify areas where Pinnacle is paying rates that are much higher than their peers. The TMS provider was able to bring an additional 70 carriers to the bid table who might offer more competitive rates in those areas. “For us, it made sense to use a single technology platform for as much of the process as possible,” says Gregg Bostick, Vice President of Transportation for Pinnacle. “Our existing carriers are already communicating with us electronically through our TMS, so it was logical for us to use the same set of tools to host our freight bid. We’re optimistic that we can save $3 to $4 million dollars in reduced contract and accessorial rates.” © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 12. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 12 Competitive Assessment Aberdeen Group analyzed the aggregated metrics of surveyed companies to determine whether their performance ranked as Best-in-Class, Industry Average, or Laggard. In addition to having common performance levels, each class also shared characteristics in five key categories: (1) process (the approaches they take to execute daily operations); (2) organization (corporate focus and collaboration among stakeholders); (3) knowledge management (contextualizing data and exposing it to key stakeholders); (4) technology (the selection of the appropriate tools and the effective deployment of those tools); and (5) performance management (the ability of the organization to measure its results to improve its business). These characteristics (identified in Table 3) serve as a guideline for best practices, and correlate directly with Best-in-Class performance across the key metrics. Table 3: The Competitive Framework Best-in-Class Average Laggards Process Strategic bid allocation based on business performance of carriers 73% 47% 21% Practice multi-round bidding 58% 40% 30% Practice incremental bidding as requirements change between bid contracts 52% 29% 16% Centralized transportation spend management platform in place, capable of multi-language, multi-currency 52% 28% 12% Organization A single person or department is responsible for managing all spend activities across all of our departments/divisions 70% 54% 49% Transportation procurement managed globally 69% 44% 34% Knowledge Tracking of total freight cost including accessorials (e.g. detention and stop-off charges), fuel charges, and invoice dispute costs 64% 54% 33% Real-time ranking and analytics visible during procurement selection process 56% 34% 17% Over 90% of the company's transportation invoices are currently audited 44% 31% 19% © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 13. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 13 Best-in-Class Average Laggards Technology Utilizing electronic data conversion for: 65% - electronic 44% - electronic 33% - electronic invoice invoice invoice presentment and presentment and presentment and payment with payment with payment with carriers carriers carriers 57% -Electronically 37% -Electronically 19% -Electronically assisted bid assisted bid assisted bid analysis analysis analysis 10% - Electronic 54% - Electronic 29% - Electronic bid allocation bid allocation bid allocation optimization to optimization to optimization to award lanes award lanes. award lanes. Utilizing technology components: 60% - TMS routing 36% - TMS routing 10% - TMS routing guide for day-to- guide for day-to- guide for day-to- day carrier day carrier day carrier selection decisions selection decisions selection decisions 53% -Specialized 44% -Specialized 27% -Specialized freight audit and freight audit and freight audit and payment tool payment tool payment tool 34% -(TMS) 34% - (TMS) 13% - (TMS) Transportation Transportation Transportation procurement procurement procurement module module module Utilizing highly automated data conversion for: 50% - Audit and 32% - Audit and 12% - Audit and payment of payment of payment of truckload or less- truckload or less- truckload or less- than-truckload than-truckload than-truckload invoices invoices invoices 42% - Audit and 29% - Audit and 16% - Audit and payment of parcel payment of parcel payment of parcel carrier invoices carrier invoices carrier invoices 33% - 20% - 6% - Procurement Procurement of Procurement of of truckload or truckload or less- truckload or less- less-than-truckload than-truckload than-truckload contracts contracts contracts Performance Practice online collaboration with carriers for invoice exception handling 44% 29% 22% Use incentive-based freight contracts 34% 20% 18% Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 14. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 14 Capabilities and Enablers Based on the findings of the Competitive Framework and interviews with end “By outsourcing our audit and payment process we’ve been users, Aberdeen’s analysis of the Best-in-Class shows that the key to taking able to reduce our freight control and managing transportation spend begins with gaining visibility to spend by more than $500k upstream transactions and using that data as critical input to subsequent since 2006. We’ve even activities from routing, audit and pay and back again to eventually feed future reduced our errors down to 12 procurement decisions. While many strides are being made here, well over to 15 last year out of the more 50% of all respondents are still relying on keying or manual processing for all than 15,000 bills we pay facets of the transportation spend process, including: yearly.” • Converting bid responses to contracts (78%) ~ Tim Knepple, Logistics • Creation of RFPs for transportation bids (75%) Manager, JustRite Manufacturing • Inputting carrier bid responses to a bid analysis tool (68%) • Converting freight contracts to rate tables (65%) • Inputting freight invoices into accounting systems (56%) It is often argued that automating processes first will bring better data visibility; however many practitioners today are of the belief that getting technology in place that provides data visibility is the most important step because it's that data that will help determine what additional technology is necessary to drive more efficiency. The combination of technology with process, knowledge management and organizational changes will create the most impact. Best-in-Class performers are much further ahead and have clearly separated themselves from the pack through achieving a 22% higher percentage level of carriers who are compliant with contractual cost (95.45% Best-in-Class versus 74.14% of all other companies – Industry Average and Laggard companies combined). Process It is important to select the right carriers and doing so can elevate the carrier's and a company's overall attainment of both contract cost and routing compliance. Top performers exceed 94% compliance (Table I) while Industry Average do not exceed 88.5% and Laggards do not exceed 58%. We see a key differentiator for the Best-in-Class: they are 1.5-times as likely as the Industry Average and 3.5-times as likely as Laggards to utilize strategic bid allocation based on business performance of carriers (Table 3). This illustrates the principle that selection and knowledge are tightly linked - you need visibility to performance data to both select carriers and then to monitor/ensure contract compliance. Additionally, working in silos can be detrimental to any process, with or without access to valuable data. Collaboration internally and externally adds value to the decision making process and puts even more power in the hands of employees, letting them automate and inform decisions they're responsible for, while continuing to extend the processes to involve more stakeholders. The Best-in-Class have done a good job of increasing collaboration in the bid process through 1) multi-round bidding, and 2) following up with incremental bidding to create more flexibility and control in transportation spend management (Table 3). Frequent collaboration with carriers and trading partners in the bidding process is yet another advantage © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 15. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 15 of top companies. Best-in-Class performers are achieving practice levels of 1.5- to 2-times higher than all others combined. Turning attention towards how to streamline procurement and payment processes, the focus should be on managing exceptions and improving data conversion in spend management across the global supply chain. The Best- in-Class are already doing more in utilizing global currency and multi-unit data conversion as part of their solution with more than 50% practicing on a centralized transportation spend management platform capable of multi-language, multi-currency (Table 3). In an effort to take more control of transportation spend and create more flexibility to avoid excessive charges, companies should also investigate: • Real-time ranking and analytics visible during procurement selection process • Practicing online collaboration with carriers for invoice exception handling • Use of incentive-based freight contracts Organization The freight audit and payment process is post execution - it can only ensure conformance to contracts or inform future negotiations. It's clear that the true value to an organization's transportation spend management is around the sourcing and procurement of freight. As can be seen in Figure 4, the Best-in-Class are doing more to centralize control and focus on a global vision for transportation spend management, providing them with a much clearer view of the true cost of doing business. The Best-in-Class are also taking to heart the argument to outsource components that are non-differentiators and have typically taken more resources to manage as relationships have become more complex. However, there is still room for some debate as many solutions have gotten to the point where companies can now more effectively manage their own freight audit and payment process to their own comfort level. Almost 45% of respondents that currently are managing their own audit and payment process have no plans to outsource any time soon. Both options should be considered in detail when restructuring the organization. Figure 4: A Single Point of Control for Increased Flexibility Best-in-Class Average Laggard “Our timelines were lengthy 70% 69% and required a lot of 54% collaboration between us and 49% 49% 44% the carrier. Now we can 34% 34% 33% 31% provide better visibility on our 25% 21% schedules and get more reliable commitments and rates from the carriers, creating a win-win for both of us.” A single person or Transportation Freight audit and All Freight Audit and department is procurement managed payment managed Payment outsourced, ~ Max Beach, Logistics Manager responsible for globally globally with no plans to at Northwest Pipe managing all spend change activities globally n = 236 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 16. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 16 For companies that typically manage their own freight audit and payment, without technology to automate and enable that process, the level of complexity can only create more room for error. In the present study, more than half of all responding companies reported handling either procurement or payment manually. In the new world of global transportation, the ramifications of errors are exacerbated and directly hit the bottom-line when it comes to supply chain costs. Imagine having to manually process hundreds or thousands of payments each month without any automation in place to streamline the review and payment. Adding headcount to tackle problems is not going to be an option; executives need to re-evaluate the options available that don't include adding labor to manage out-dated processes and to allow core resources to provide value around analysis, not interpreting blurry faxes. Knowledge Management The Best-in-Class have done a better job of recognizing the value of data and knowledge as part of a "closed loop" transportation management process. This is illustrated by the level of current capabilities among Best-in- Class performers as compared to all others regarding collaborative knowledge to ensure competitive freight rates (as illustrated in Table 4). Table 4: Key Knowledge Management Differentiators Best-in-Class Industry Average Laggards Performance measurements for competitive freight rates 90% - compare 84% - compare carriers 79% - compare carriers carriers to their to their competitors' to their competitors' competitors' pricing pricing pricing 56% - compare 55% - compare carriers 52% - compare carriers carriers to their own to their own historical to their own historical historical pricing pricing pricing 50% -utilize community 43% - utilize community 31% - utilize community data from our peers data from our peers data from our peers Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 In order for companies to truly leverage their transportation spend data and provide access for employees to leverage that information and make better business decisions, the information cannot be kept on spreadsheets and reside on local databases at each location. Figure 5: Savings Start With Data Visibility and Access Freight Audit and "We really had no centralized Payment Knowledge and 37% visibility to our transportation Data are shared internally 33% spend. This was the first step at the global level 29% we needed to make in order to start the process of bringing our spend under control. Procurement Knowledge 33% Best-in-Class Without the visibility, and Data are shared everything else we did would 31% Average internally at the global 24% have been guess work." level Laggard ~ Chris Cavin, Director of n = 236 Transportation, RockTenn Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 17. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 17 It is the level of sharing and visibility to detailed knowledge and its ease of integration into the overall transportation selection and management process that allows top companies to deliver higher levels of performance in carrier contractual compliance and reduced cost. The gap between the Best-in-Class and Laggards focuses on the ability to move beyond traditional processes like: • Manually processing bid and contract information with disparate data from numerous sources including printouts, faxes, and copies • Using spreadsheets to manage the bid process • Overly labor-intensive or incomplete audit processes that fail to match accurate activities and billing information • Manual processes for monitoring contract agreements and actual performance of carriers, often resulting in missed opportunities to flag billing / contract errors that could reduce spend • Lack of a means (other than labor-intensive data mining) to track and analyze data from the audit process in order to improve / negotiate relationships with carriers based on actual performance or contract changes Performance Management With much of the focus being on data visibility and access as a key component of any transportation management process, and how it becomes a key input to closed loop transportation spend management; it is how effectively companies use that data that can be a key differentiator. In Figure 6 and Figure 7, it's clear that the Best-in-Class have done an exceptional job of setting up performance measurements with their carriers and internally to ensure that key business goals are followed and lead to driving down transportation spend. Figure 6: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Carrier Performance 88% On-time delivery 88% 89% 80% Invoice accuracy 71% 54% 74% On-time pick-up 71% 54% 50% Data quality 39% 29% Best-in-Class Tender 44% Industry Average acceptance rate 31% 14% Laggard 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of Respondents, n = 236 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 18. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 18 Because more of the Best-in-Class have visibility to detailed transportation spend data, they are better positioned to leverage that information in a more dynamic fashion. This includes providing scorecards and measurements at all points along the transportation spend process. For example, it may be easy for companies, even with manual spreadsheets, to track on-dime delivery. But the time to identify and utilize updated scores for on-time delivery as well as invoice accuracy and other metrics during the sourcing / tendering process is at risk with more complex situations, and can have a dramatic effect on the ability to reduce overall costs. It's not only important to understand carrier performance, but also to understand internal compliance. Guidelines are in place for a reason and ensuring that resources are using data to their advantage and making better decisions is important to controlling costs. Figure 7: Metrics that the Best-in-Class Use to Measure Internal Compliance 77% Payment time 64% 58% 57% Volume commitments 68% 67% 36% Invoice accuracy 51% 45% 32% Data quality 31% 25% 32% Best-in-Class Driver wait times 30% Industry Average 27% Laggard 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of Respondents, n = 236 Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 Technology The concept of technology enablement within a closed loop transportation management platform is not new. Indeed this is very much in keeping with a key finding of Aberdeen's research demonstrating that companies are departing from thinking about transportation management in a linear format and, instead, as a closed loop, with each step in the process feeding the subsequent ones. Figure 8 depicts the "closed-loop spend management" cycle, with the capabilities shown on the inner circle, and the enabling technologies that drive integration and automation in the two outermost circles. A common, but less effective alternative to the closed-loop concept involves having the electronic flow of data cease at the audit and pay step. The model shown in Figure 8 completes the loop by having the shipment © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 19. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 19 history from the audit and pay step flow directly into a spend analytics step, which is then used as a tool to create the request for proposal in the procurement process. Figure 8: The Transportation Closed Loop Process Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 Aberdeen research has found that companies take one of three distinct approaches with acquiring/adopting enabling technology: • A best-of-breed model • A collaborative outsourcing model (leveraging third party providers) • A single application suite. The "best-of-breed" model involves the use of a combination of specialized bid optimization tools, Transportation Management Software (TMS), audit and payment applications, and spend analytics solutions to produce a feature-rich platform of integrated applications. The outsourcing model often leverages the same tools and process but involves an alliance with a logistics service provider for procurement, audit/pay or both. Alternatively, with a transportation management suite (single application suite approach), the various steps in the loop are all offered by a single software developer. In each case, the critical link to the individual processes is automated data conversion to ensure that there is an efficient information exchange at each step in the cycle. © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 20. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 20 In almost every instance, companies that are able to leverage technology to manage processes and remove the manual components of everyday tasks are able to focus more on delivering value versus manually managing and manipulating data. In using the Aberdeen methodology to analyze technology usage, there continues to be greater adoption associated with the Best-in-Class group and alignment with driving better performance in key metrics. Across six different categories of technology usage (Figure 9), over 40% of the Best-in-Class are taking advantage of opportunities to automate as much of the processes as possible. Figure 9: Technology Being Leveraged by the Best-in-Class Best-in-Class Average Laggard n = 236 65% 60% 57% 54% 53% 44% 44% 37% 36% 33% 34% 34% 29% 27% 19% 13% 10% 10% Electronic invoice Electronically assisted Electronic bid TMS routing guide for Specialized freight (TMS) Transportation presentment and bid analysis allocation optimization day to day carrier audit and payment tool procurement module payment with carriers to award lanes. selection decisions Electronic Data Conversion Technology Components Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 In each case under electronic data conversion, the Best-in-Class are 2- to 6- times as likely as Laggards to have automation in place especially around the sourcing and procurement process, updating and auditing rate guides, and optimally awarding lanes via electronic updates. Under technology components, they are again 2.5- to 6-times as likely as Laggards to use extensions of TMS procurement solutions and specialized freight audit and payment tools to speed and automate the front-end to back-end of closed loop transportation process and enable tighter spend control. Respondents have identified four key criteria for making technology adoption and investment decisions, three of which point to the fact that organizations understand the value of these solutions and are insisting that there is an ability to create more of an end-to-end process environment. The four criteria are: • Feature and functionality / capabilities (67%) • Price (65%) © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 21. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 21 • The ability to interface with existing technology / solutions (65%) • Ability to extend functionality of existing solutions (52%) Following features, "price" is a key requirement and at 65% it is important to contrast this with another key finding – over 40% of all respondents feel that these solutions are still too expensive up-front, or too expensive / difficult to implement. For these companies much of the upfront costs and lead-times can be substantially reduced. As depicted in the Pinnacle case study earlier, and as discovered by many who have conducted the proper due diligence, it is important to be aware of the variety of solutions available today and the deployment options they provide. The evolution of SaaS and on-demand offerings from most solution providers has delivered on the promise to decrease these historical hurdles. Companies must invest the time to educate their decision-making teams on the latest options in order to complete the proper due diligence around these solutions. Case Study: Northwest Pipe Company Northwest Pipe Company is used to a lot of hands-on managing of their business in manufacturing large industrial pipe. However, the hands-on approach for managing transportation spend was suddenly not enough to keep up with the changing landscape of transportation needs. “We took a step back and realized that everything we were doing around managing our transportation was completely manual,” says Max Beach, Logistics Manager at Northwest Pipe. “We were managing a lot of paperwork and entering a lot of manual data; we were just keeping up, not being strategic.” Managing over 17,000 flat bed shipments per year in North America can be difficult, especially when rates and charges are changing under your feet. It was difficult to get a handle on exactly what contracts and commitments were in place and what the true level of spend was at any point in time. “We suddenly realized we had over 230 carriers but no idea if that was the right mix,” said Beach. Bringing a technology solution on-board that removed the manual processing and created online visibility was a catalyst for change. With lengthy planning times for their projects, getting quotes from carriers was difficult and required carriers to estimate extremely volatile costs. “Our timelines were lengthy and required a lot of collaboration between us and the carrier. Now we can provide better visibility on our schedules and get more reliable commitments and rates from the carriers, creating a win-win for both of us,” says Beach. Northwest Pipe has been running their solution some time and after only four months they’ve already seen tremendous improvement in the transportation spend management process. Utilizing the technology and services available to them from their spend management solution provider, their RFP events are more strategic and have uncovered savings they would not have been able to leverage in the past. “We’ve already seen a 30% drop in total freight spend and our ROI dropped from 18 months to four months. We are finally leveraging transportation as a differentiator and not a cost bucket,” concluded Beach. © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 22. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 22 Aberdeen Insights — Technology The adoption of technology to support the transportation spend management process has grown steadily year-over-year. Because there's been an increase in the awareness of the true cost of transportation and more direction from the top down to do something about it, companies are turning to vendors to help manage the complexity. At the same time, if you break down the details of where the increase in automation has occurred and where the focus has been, most companies are directly engaged in analyzing key spend data and using it as part of a more collaborative and dynamic bidding process, as well stressing collaboration during the audit and payment process for improved root cause analysis. To address these key areas many are looking to best-of- breed solutions to fill these needs. Best-of-breed solutions may be tailored for the needs of a particular industry, or offer specialize features that fill a unique requirement. Companies choosing this route should be aware that they will need to take greater responsibility for application integration. Conversely, Transportation Management Software Suites may offer all of the required capabilities from a single vendor, but may not have certain best-of-breed features. There is no right or wrong approach - but companies should understand the trade-offs with each method and be comfortable with them. A company with limited resources might consider working with a vendor that also offers managed services, one that has the ability manage the day- to-day processes initially or can help run the first carrier bid. Then, if it is desired, the shipper can wean itself off of the services and bring the processes in-house. Still others have found success in outsourcing both procurement and payment. The options are varied and successes are found in each technology/management solution. © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 23. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 23 Chapter Three: Required Actions Whether a company is trying to move its performance in transportation Laggard Reasons for Not spend management from Laggard to Industry Average, or Industry Average Investing in Technology: to Best-in-Class, the following actions will help spur the necessary √ 36% software integration is performance improvements: too difficult / expensive √ 33% upfront costs of Laggard Steps to Success changing processes are too • Integrate and automate. Over 45% of Laggard companies rely high on spreadsheets to manage the procurement and payment √ 27% up-front costs of processes. The delay in decision making and error rate associated solution too high with managing a manual paper trail can increase the underlying costs of managing transportation spend. • Focus on value-add instead of punching the clock. The manual labor needed to manage paper processing of invoices is driving up the cost of managing spend and Laggard companies are expending the most at almost $24 per invoice. By automating or outsourcing the audit and payment process, resources can be utilized for more valuable activities like root cause analysis and bid optimization. • Incorporate a global view. Working to get control of transportation spend data is the end-goal, however it's more important to get visibility and organizational control across the entire organization and remove the silos. Only 24% of Laggards have data visibility at a global level, and only 6% can share that data with external partners. Combining data into a global view will greatly increase spend analysis value-add opportunities and sharing with external partners will drive better performance. Industry Average Steps to Success • Continue to leverage technology investments. The adoption of procurement and payment related solutions has increased by roughly 50% in the last 12 months for the Industry Average and there are new SaaS options out there. Continuing to rollout process automation to free up resources and decrease the cost of managing spend is the next crucial step for executives. • Data analysis: the next frontier. Less than a third of Industry Average companies are leveraging spend data visibility at a global level. Automating the processing of spend data is less than half the battle. Only 43% of Industry Average companies currently benchmark rates against community/peer data to track key trends. Leveraging transportation spend data and technology to automate the RFP process can greatly reduce year-over-year contract spend. © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 24. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 24 • Is outsourcing right for you? The argument continues as to whether or not outsourcing is the best process improvement when it comes to managing freight audit and payment. With more complexity being associated with compliance guidelines and the lack of time and resources available to manually audit and process thousands of bills per month, outsourcing should be considered a viable option. Only 35% of Industry Average companies are outsourcing today. Best-in-Class Steps to Success “A key reason for our success • Create closer partnerships with strategic carriers. Utilizing has been that senior data to improve collaboration with carriers can increase savings and management has allowed us to improve contract rates. Less than 10% of the Best-in-Class are select the right tools for the leveraging spend data visibility and sharing with external partners, job at hand.” especially carriers. Sharing critical data can increase the collaboration during the bidding process and provide carriers with ~ Ann Deming, Transportation Manager for Dry Truckload the opportunity to suggest alternative routes or negotiate rate options, lowering overall costs for both parties. Freight, Unilever • Implement scorecards to guide sourcing decisions. Once the true costs of freight spend are uncovered, score carding at a higher level can help drive further cost reductions. Rather than getting too lost in the individual charges, placing a score on each route and working to reduce the overall average cost per route can greatly improve savings and overall spend management. Currently less than 30% of the Best-in-Class are attempting to negotiate all-in rates for freight options. • Enforce compliance measures that benefit strategic goals. The Best-in-Class are utilizing more guidelines to measure carrier compliance, and also tracking their own compliance levels. With improved automation and data visibility there is an opportunity to put more strategic measures in place (on-top of common measures like on-time delivery or payment) to drive per-route scores and balance transportation spend across all routes in an effort to drive strategic business decisions. Currently, on-time delivery (92%) and invoice accuracy (88%) are the top measures in place - others can be advanced to these levels. Aberdeen Insights — Summary The volatility and complexity in the world of transportation will continue to grow exponentially and every company is looking for ways to sustain costs. With this the case companies are continuing to gain transportation spend control. continued © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 25. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 25 Aberdeen Insights — Summary Closed loop transportation spend management is no small undertaking, but it is an important concept that should be the end goal of any company struggling to contain logistics costs. In order to avoid tunnel- vision, and focusing on only one link in the loop, it is necessary to have an executive level sponsor to tie disparate departments and processes together. Two very viable technology approaches are available (best-of- breed and application suite) and companies should evaluate both routes before deciding on the solution that is the best fit for their needs. Additionally these capabilities are available through Logistics Service Providers (LSPs). The benefits to having a closed loop process range from reduced freight spend to lower administrative costs in the accounts payable department - key accomplishments for any supply chain executive. While their peers focus on cost cutting in more traditional areas of logistics like load planning and routing guide compliance, innovative companies can achieve Best-in-Class status by focusing on transportation procurement and payment and tying these processes together in an efficient closed-loop process. The grace-period we're enjoying now will provide organizations around the world with the opportunity to step back and ask the critical questions about their own ability to fully understand supply chain costs and whether they're still operating a fragmented or a strategic closed loop transportation spend model. Many organizations want to think their supply chain is strategic and that the cost of producing and / or delivering products to their customers is in control and operating as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. Many of these same organizations were caught off guard during the economic downturn and were not prepared to answer the question on what was "actually" spent on transportation. Supply chain executives want to be strategic and drive value. Getting costs under control has always been a goal. Understanding and managing transportation costs will be a significant competitive advantage going forward; it will separate companies that survive from companies that cease to exist. © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 26. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 26 Appendix A: Research Methodology Between January and February 2010, Aberdeen examined the use, the Study Focus experiences, and the intentions of more than 230 enterprises using Responding transportation transportation procurement and payment solutions in a diverse set of management executives enterprises completed an online survey that included questions Aberdeen supplemented this online survey effort with interviews with select designed to determine the survey respondents, gathering additional information on transportation following: procurement and freight audit and payment strategies, experiences, and results. Responding enterprises included the following: √ The degree to which TPP solutions are deployed in Responding enterprises included the following: their operations and the financial implications of the • Job title: The research sample included respondents with the technology following job titles: CEO / President EVP / SVP (16%) √ The structure and • VP (8%); Director (20%); Manager (37%); Engineer/staff (6%); and effectiveness of existing TPP other (12%). implementations • Department / function: The research sample included respondents √ Current and planned use of from the following departments or functions: procurement, supply TPP to aid operational and chain, or logistics manager (70%); IT manager or staff (7%); sales and audit activities marketing staff other (12%); and senior management (7%). √ The benefits, if any, that have • Industry: The research sample included respondents from; been derived from TPP Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) (24%); OEM Equipment initiatives Manufacturers (19%); Wholesale Distribution (18%); Retail (11%); The study aimed to identify Services (5%); and other (5%). emerging best practices for • Geography: The majority of respondents (68%) were from North TPP, and to provide a America; Europe (16%) Asia-Pacific region (12%) and others (3%). framework by which readers could assess their own • Company size: Twenty-two percent (22%) of respondents were from management capabilities. very large enterprises (annual revenues above US $5 billion); 25% of respondents were from large enterprises (annual revenues above US $1 billion); 34% were from midsize enterprises (annual revenues between $50 million and $1 billion); and 19% of respondents were from small businesses (annual revenues of $50 million or less). • Headcount: Twenty-six percent (26%) of respondents were from very large enterprises (headcount greater than 10,001 employees); 25% of respondents were from large enterprises (headcount between 2,501-10,000 employees); 35% were from midsize enterprises (headcount between 101 and 1001 employees); and 14% of respondents were from small businesses (headcount between 1 and 100 employees). © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 27. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 27 Table 5: The PACE Framework Key Overview Aberdeen applies a methodology to benchmark research that evaluates the business pressures, actions, capabilities, and enablers (PACE) that indicate corporate behavior in specific business processes. These terms are defined as follows: Pressures — external forces that impact an organization’s market position, competitiveness, or business operations (e.g., economic, political and regulatory, technology, changing customer preferences, competitive) Actions — the strategic approaches that an organization takes in response to industry pressures (e.g., align the corporate business model to leverage industry opportunities, such as product / service strategy, target markets, financial strategy, go-to-market, and sales strategy) Capabilities — the business process competencies required to execute corporate strategy (e.g., skilled people, brand, market positioning, viable products / services, ecosystem partners, financing) Enablers — the key functionality of technology solutions required to support the organization’s enabling business practices (e.g., development platform, applications, network connectivity, user interface, training and support, partner interfaces, data cleansing, and management) Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 Table 6: The Competitive Framework Key Overview The Aberdeen Competitive Framework defines enterprises In the following categories: as falling into one of the following three levels of practices Process — What is the scope of process and performance: standardization? What is the efficiency and Best-in-Class (20%) — Practices that are the best effectiveness of this process? currently being employed and are significantly superior to Organization — How is your company currently the Industry Average, and result in the top industry organized to manage and optimize this particular performance. process? Industry Average (50%) — Practices that represent the Knowledge — What visibility do you have into key average or norm, and result in average industry data and intelligence required to manage this process? performance. Technology — What level of automation have you Laggards (30%) — Practices that are significantly behind used to support this process? How is this automation the average of the industry, and result in below average integrated and aligned? performance. Performance — What do you measure? How frequently? What’s your actual performance? Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 Table 7: The Relationship Between PACE and the Competitive Framework PACE and the Competitive Framework – How They Interact Aberdeen research indicates that companies that identify the most influential pressures and take the most transformational and effective actions are most likely to achieve superior performance. The level of competitive performance that a company achieves is strongly determined by the PACE choices that they make and how well they execute those decisions. Source: Aberdeen Group, February 2010 © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 28. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 28 Appendix B: Related Aberdeen Research Related Aberdeen research that forms a companion or reference to this report includes: • Integrated Transportation Management: Improve Responsiveness with Real-Time Control of Execution,October 2009 • No Excuses! Why Optimizing Transportation Management is Within the Reach of Every Company, July 2008 • Achieving Closed-Loop Transportation Spend Management, January 2008 • The International Transportation Management Benchmark Report, October 2007 • Integrated Transportation Management—How Best-in-Class Companies View the World Differently, June 2007 • Winning Strategies for Transportation Procurement & Payment, February 2007 Information on these and any other Aberdeen publications can be found at www.aberdeen.com. Author: Bob Heaney, Senior Research Analyst , Supply Chain Management (bob.heaney@aberdeen.com) Since 1988, Aberdeen's research has been helping corporations worldwide become Best-in-Class. Having benchmarked the performance of more than 644,000 companies, Aberdeen is uniquely positioned to provide organizations with the facts that matter — the facts that enable companies to get ahead and drive results. That's why our research is relied on by more than 2.2 million readers in over 40 countries, 90% of the Fortune 1,000, and 93% of the Technology 500. As a Harte-Hanks Company, Aberdeen plays a key role of putting content in context for the global direct and targeted marketing company. Aberdeen's analytical and independent view of the "customer optimization" process of Harte- Hanks (Information – Opportunity – Insight – Engagement – Interaction) extends the client value and accentuates the strategic role Harte-Hanks brings to the market. For additional information, visit Aberdeen http://www.aberdeen.com or call (617) 723-7890, or to learn more about Harte-Hanks, call (800) 456-9748 or go to http://www.harte-hanks.com. This document is the result of primary research performed by Aberdeen Group. Aberdeen Group's methodologies provide for objective fact-based research and represent the best analysis available at the time of publication. Unless otherwise noted, the entire contents of this publication are copyrighted by Aberdeen Group, Inc. and may not be reproduced, distributed, archived, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent by Aberdeen Group, Inc. (071309b) © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 29. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 29 Featured Underwriters This research report was made possible, in part, with the financial support of our underwriters. These individuals and organizations share Aberdeen’s vision of bringing fact based research to corporations worldwide at little or no cost. Underwriters have no editorial or research rights, and the facts and analysis of this report remain an exclusive production and product of Aberdeen Group. Solution providers recognized as underwriters were solicited after the fact and had no substantive influence on the direction of this report. Their sponsorship has made it possible for Aberdeen Group to make these findings available to readers at no charge. TMW Systems offers a uniquely capable and cost-effective platform for the delivery of tailored TMS solutions to shippers and 3PLs that want to control their costs and improve visibility to their domestic surface transportation execution. TMW Enterprise Transportation Software (ETS) and Optimization Software are designed to address the detailed planning and execution processes for shippers primarily concerned with domestic surface transportation activities—especially in combination with private fleets—and for 3PLs managing commercial carriers and assets of their own. For additional information on TMW Systems: TMW Systems 21111 Chagrin Blvd. Beachwood, OH 44122 Toll Phone: (216) 831-6606 Toll-free Phone: (800) 401-6682 Fax Number: (216) 831-3606 Company URL: www.tmwsystems.com Email: Marketing@tmwsystems.com © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897
  • 30. Transportation Procurement and Payment: Gain Control over Spend Page 30 U.S. Bank, a leader in corporate payments, is the world’s leading freight payment provider. Through Syncada by Visa (formerly PowerTrack), a business-to-business payment network offered by U.S. Bank, clients benefit from a comprehensive global invoice processing and payment solution. Integrated supply chain finance allows carriers to get paid sooner, while shippers pay later. Robust pre-pay audits on 100% of invoices ensure accuracy. On-line, real-time, collaborative exception resolution further reduces cost and waste. The resulting data provides unmatched visibility to cost and performance to optimize your supply chain. Improve cash flow, eliminate paper invoices and checks, and streamline your process today. For additional information on U.S. Bank Transportation Solutions: U.S. Bank Transportation Solutions 200 South Sixth Street Mailstop: EP-MN-L26C Minneapolis, MN 55402 Toll-free Phone: (866) 274-5898 Company URL: www.powertrackglobal.com Email: info@powertrack.com © 2010 Aberdeen Group. Telephone: 617 854 5200 www.aberdeen.com Fax: 617 723 7897