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twilio
       CLOUD COMMUNICATIONS




BUILDING A GREAT API
        DECEMBER 6, 2010, CLOUDSTOCK
                          EVAN COOKE
Why make Great APIs?
  Hear about API

                    Good APIs
                     Promote
                    Adoption


    Use in production
      (tell friends)
Today’s discussion focuses
on APIs exposed by Internet
services, however, the ideas
we discuss can be applied in
      many contexts
Where Do APIs Come From?

• APIs that have grown from products
                     End Users



                Facebook
                      API
               API


                            API
Where Do APIs Come From?

• APIs that are the product
               End Users


               Developers


                Cloud API
Twilio
     Web service APIs to automate Voice and SMS
                  communications

                                       Phone
   Voice               SMS
                                      Numbers
 Inbound Calls    To/From Phone         APIs to
Outbound Calls       Numbers          Dynamically
     IVR           Short Codes      Provision Phone
                                       Numbers
Outline
1. Case Studies

2. Design

3. Presentation

4. Development
Case Studies
What NOT to Do
•   Media processing API Vendor
•   Telecom API
Media processing API

•   HTTP API to analyze large
    media files
•   Tx Rate 100,000/day
    (costly)                           Media

•   POST data to the API        You   Analysis   API

•   API synchronously returns
    analysis of media (could
    be minutes/hours later)
Media processing API

•   Control and data in the
    same request (100 MB
    every request)
•   Unclear error conditions.
    Can you resend request?      You         API
•   Synchronously wait for             ???
    response
•   No request history/billing
    information
Media processing API

1   Original Request
    POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process?
    key=2hkh&mode=bob&filter=yeah
    Body is 100MB of binary data
Media processing API

2   Add a token allowing us to safely retry
    POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process?
    key=2hkh&mode=bob&filter=yeah&token=TK123
    Body is 100MB of binary data
Media processing API

3   Add webhook url to asynchronously respond
    POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process?
    key=2hkh&mode=bob&filter=yeah&token=TK123&c
    bUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fmyserver.com%2Fresponse
    Body is 100MB of binary data
Media processing API

4   Async fetch media & move POST params to body
    POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process
    Body
       key=2hkh
       mode=bob
       filter=yeah
       token=TK123
       cbUrl=http://myserver.com/response
       mediaUrl=http://s3.com/media.mov
Media processing API

5   Version API and make URL more RESTful
    POST http://api.vendor.com/v1/Media
    Body
       key=2hkh
       mode=bob
       filter=yeah
       token=TK123
       cbUrl=http://myserver.com/response
       mediaUrl=http://s3.com/media.mov
    Response
       URI http://api.vendor.com/v1/Media/MD123
What NOT to Do
•   Media processing API Vendor
•   Telecom API
Telecom API

•   API to manage phone numbers
•   Documentation is 300 page PDF,
    pages of WSDL
•   95% useless RPC functions that
    expose internal business logic
•   No simple way to get started
•   No helper libraries
Design
Key Ideas
•   Idempotency
•   Self-documenting
•   RESTfulness
•   Versioning
•   Statefulness
•   Predictability
•   Sync vs. Async
Idempotency
• Idempotence is the property of certain
  operations that they can be applied multiple
  times without changing the result.
• Request failures happen. Provide users a
  safe way to retry requests
• Example:
POST /BankAccount/AddFunds
{‘value’: 1000, ‘token’: ‘TX123’}
Self-documenting
• Sweat what and how you name. Naming is
  is the best documentation.
• Example:
GET /Users/ID123
GET /Users/ID123/Friends
GET /Users/ID123/Photos
RESTfulness
• Adherence to REST object model and
  verbs provides a clean way to expose
  business logic
• Create POST          /Users

• Fetch GET            /Users/ID123
• Modify PUT/POST      /Users/ID123
• Remove DELETE        /Users/ID123
Versioning
• Do it. Remember you will be stuck
  supporting old API versions (indefinitely?)
• Examples
  GET /api/v1/blag
  GET /api/20101206/blag
Statefulness
• When possible, offload the work of keeping
  state/history because it’s hard!
• Examples
POST /Calls
GET /Calls/CA123
GET /Calls/CA123/Recordings/RE123
Predictability
• The API should do what users expect
• Examples
  <Play>music.mp3</Play>
  <Play>music.aiff</Play>
Sync vs Async
• When a response is available immediately,
  use a synchronous response. Otherwise,
  consider an asynchronous Webhook rather
  then polling
• Examples:
POST /Object/Transforms
Body
  cbUrl=http://b.com/response
Presentation
Great APIs
•   Redis - Key/Value, List, and Set Persistence
•   Dropbox - REST, iOS/Android File Mgnt
•   Wufoo - Web forms

                     Other Notable APIs
     SimpleGeo, Github, Posterous, Tumblr,
     Facebook... great, but getting to their docs requires
     authenticating!
Redis
•   Simple, well
    named API calls
•   Powerful
•   APIs that cover
    major operational
    tasks
Dropbox
•   API support
    across platforms/
    languages
•   Community
    integration
Wufoo
• Simple well-
  documented
  REST API
• Good use of
  HTTP verbs
  and errors
What makes a Good API?
 • Easy to Learn
 • Easy to use (even without documentation)
 • Hard to Misuse
 • Easy to read and maintain code that uses it
 • Sufficiently powerful to satisfy requirements
 • Easy to extend
 • Appropriate to audience
                     How to Design a Good API and Why it Matters
                     Joshua Block, Google
Easy to Learn
Easy to Use
Easy to read/maintain code


            HTTP/XML/JSON
               REST         Customer


  Telecom                   Business
    Goo                      Logic
Sufficiently
            Powerful
It sure helps to write code live if you are pitching to
developers. John got a big nod from the audience for doing
that.

But the important point is that when you show your product
live in front of people, they can get what you are doing way
faster than working through a bunch of slides. Kudos to John
for an excellent pitch. Apparently Business Insider called it
"the best demo we've ever seen.
Easy to extend



            Expose Twilio
         in an async evented
                model
Development
Twilio Process
1. Customers Feedback
2. Documentation
3. Team feedback (back to 2)
4. Prototype (2-3 weeks)
5. Alpha customers
6. Preview Customers
7. General Release
Design
  Idempotent, self-documenting, RESTful,
  versioned, stateful, predictable, sync/async

Presentation
  Easy to learn, easy to use, easy to read and
  maintainable, sufficiently powerful, easy to extend

Development
  Customers, documentation, team, prototype,
  alpha customers, preview customers, release
Be Simple
twilio
http://www.twilio.com
      @emcooke

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Building A Great API - Evan Cooke, Cloudstock, December 2010

  • 1. twilio CLOUD COMMUNICATIONS BUILDING A GREAT API DECEMBER 6, 2010, CLOUDSTOCK EVAN COOKE
  • 2. Why make Great APIs? Hear about API Good APIs Promote Adoption Use in production (tell friends)
  • 3. Today’s discussion focuses on APIs exposed by Internet services, however, the ideas we discuss can be applied in many contexts
  • 4. Where Do APIs Come From? • APIs that have grown from products End Users Facebook API API API
  • 5. Where Do APIs Come From? • APIs that are the product End Users Developers Cloud API
  • 6. Twilio Web service APIs to automate Voice and SMS communications Phone Voice SMS Numbers Inbound Calls To/From Phone APIs to Outbound Calls Numbers Dynamically IVR Short Codes Provision Phone Numbers
  • 7. Outline 1. Case Studies 2. Design 3. Presentation 4. Development
  • 9. What NOT to Do • Media processing API Vendor • Telecom API
  • 10. Media processing API • HTTP API to analyze large media files • Tx Rate 100,000/day (costly) Media • POST data to the API You Analysis API • API synchronously returns analysis of media (could be minutes/hours later)
  • 11. Media processing API • Control and data in the same request (100 MB every request) • Unclear error conditions. Can you resend request? You API • Synchronously wait for ??? response • No request history/billing information
  • 12. Media processing API 1 Original Request POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process? key=2hkh&mode=bob&filter=yeah Body is 100MB of binary data
  • 13. Media processing API 2 Add a token allowing us to safely retry POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process? key=2hkh&mode=bob&filter=yeah&token=TK123 Body is 100MB of binary data
  • 14. Media processing API 3 Add webhook url to asynchronously respond POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process? key=2hkh&mode=bob&filter=yeah&token=TK123&c bUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fmyserver.com%2Fresponse Body is 100MB of binary data
  • 15. Media processing API 4 Async fetch media & move POST params to body POST http://api.vendor.com/API/Process Body key=2hkh mode=bob filter=yeah token=TK123 cbUrl=http://myserver.com/response mediaUrl=http://s3.com/media.mov
  • 16. Media processing API 5 Version API and make URL more RESTful POST http://api.vendor.com/v1/Media Body key=2hkh mode=bob filter=yeah token=TK123 cbUrl=http://myserver.com/response mediaUrl=http://s3.com/media.mov Response URI http://api.vendor.com/v1/Media/MD123
  • 17. What NOT to Do • Media processing API Vendor • Telecom API
  • 18. Telecom API • API to manage phone numbers • Documentation is 300 page PDF, pages of WSDL • 95% useless RPC functions that expose internal business logic • No simple way to get started • No helper libraries
  • 20. Key Ideas • Idempotency • Self-documenting • RESTfulness • Versioning • Statefulness • Predictability • Sync vs. Async
  • 21. Idempotency • Idempotence is the property of certain operations that they can be applied multiple times without changing the result. • Request failures happen. Provide users a safe way to retry requests • Example: POST /BankAccount/AddFunds {‘value’: 1000, ‘token’: ‘TX123’}
  • 22. Self-documenting • Sweat what and how you name. Naming is is the best documentation. • Example: GET /Users/ID123 GET /Users/ID123/Friends GET /Users/ID123/Photos
  • 23. RESTfulness • Adherence to REST object model and verbs provides a clean way to expose business logic • Create POST /Users • Fetch GET /Users/ID123 • Modify PUT/POST /Users/ID123 • Remove DELETE /Users/ID123
  • 24. Versioning • Do it. Remember you will be stuck supporting old API versions (indefinitely?) • Examples GET /api/v1/blag GET /api/20101206/blag
  • 25. Statefulness • When possible, offload the work of keeping state/history because it’s hard! • Examples POST /Calls GET /Calls/CA123 GET /Calls/CA123/Recordings/RE123
  • 26. Predictability • The API should do what users expect • Examples <Play>music.mp3</Play> <Play>music.aiff</Play>
  • 27. Sync vs Async • When a response is available immediately, use a synchronous response. Otherwise, consider an asynchronous Webhook rather then polling • Examples: POST /Object/Transforms Body cbUrl=http://b.com/response
  • 29. Great APIs • Redis - Key/Value, List, and Set Persistence • Dropbox - REST, iOS/Android File Mgnt • Wufoo - Web forms Other Notable APIs SimpleGeo, Github, Posterous, Tumblr, Facebook... great, but getting to their docs requires authenticating!
  • 30. Redis • Simple, well named API calls • Powerful • APIs that cover major operational tasks
  • 31. Dropbox • API support across platforms/ languages • Community integration
  • 32. Wufoo • Simple well- documented REST API • Good use of HTTP verbs and errors
  • 33. What makes a Good API? • Easy to Learn • Easy to use (even without documentation) • Hard to Misuse • Easy to read and maintain code that uses it • Sufficiently powerful to satisfy requirements • Easy to extend • Appropriate to audience How to Design a Good API and Why it Matters Joshua Block, Google
  • 36. Easy to read/maintain code HTTP/XML/JSON REST Customer Telecom Business Goo Logic
  • 37. Sufficiently Powerful It sure helps to write code live if you are pitching to developers. John got a big nod from the audience for doing that. But the important point is that when you show your product live in front of people, they can get what you are doing way faster than working through a bunch of slides. Kudos to John for an excellent pitch. Apparently Business Insider called it "the best demo we've ever seen.
  • 38. Easy to extend Expose Twilio in an async evented model
  • 40. Twilio Process 1. Customers Feedback 2. Documentation 3. Team feedback (back to 2) 4. Prototype (2-3 weeks) 5. Alpha customers 6. Preview Customers 7. General Release
  • 41. Design Idempotent, self-documenting, RESTful, versioned, stateful, predictable, sync/async Presentation Easy to learn, easy to use, easy to read and maintainable, sufficiently powerful, easy to extend Development Customers, documentation, team, prototype, alpha customers, preview customers, release