IT Advance for Post Foundation

SULTANATE OF OMAN

COURSE MATERIAL

MINISTRY OF MANPOWER
COLLEGES OF TECHNOLOGY

ADVANCED IT SKILLS
ITAD 1100

DEPARTMENT OF IT
1

ITAD 1100 Advanced IT Skills

Table of Contents
Course Overview
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Course Description
Course Objectives
Course Outcomes
Timeframe
Resources
Margin Icons

Chapter 1 – E LEARNING

6
6
7
7
7
8
10

Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What is eLearning

10

1.3 Why eLearning

11

1.4 ELearning Advantages / Disadvantages
1.4.1
Advantages
1.4.2
Disadvantages

11

1.5 Levels of ELearning
1.5.1
Knowledge Database
1.5.2
Online Support
1.5.3
Synchronous Training
1.5.4
Asynchronous Training

11

1.6 The eLearning Portal
1.6.1
Moodle
1.6.2
Your ELearning Environment
1.6.3
Moodle Screen Elements
1.6.4
Activities & Resources

12

1.7 Best Practices in Internet
1.7.1
Posting or Writing a message
1.7.2
Netiquette of sending
1.7.3
Netiquette for Replying
1.8 Internet for Self Directed Learning
1.8.1
Internet Support
1.8.2
Searching and Retrieving
1.8.3
Web Page Ranking
1.8.4
Other Popular Online Support






10

20

Chapter Summary
Additional Sources
Assignments
Lab Exercises
References

24
24
24
25

2

13
14

21
21
21
23
23


Chapter 2 – Desktop Publishing
Objectives

26

2.1 Introduction

26

2.2 Common software in desktop publishing

27

2.3 Popular Publication Types

27

2.4 Creating Publications

28

2.4.1

Accessing

28

2.4.2

Getting Started

28

2.4.3

Work Space

30

2.4.4

Tabs

30

2.4.5

Adding & Formatting text boxes

31

2.4.6

Drop Caps

31

2.4.7

Character Spacing

32

2.4.8

Adding images

32

2.4.9

Clip Art & Word Art

33

2.4.10

Save. Exit and Open

34

2.5 Creating Business Cards
2.6 Creating Calendars

39

2.7 Creating Brochures

40

2.8 Creating Flyers






36

43

Chapter Summary
Additional Sources
Assignments
Lab Exercises
References

45

Chapter 3 – Web Applications

50

Objectives
3.1 Introduction

50

3.2 Tool & Software used for Web Development

51

3.3 Planning for a Web Site

51

3.4 MS Expression Web

52

3.4.1

Starting MS Expression Web 4

52

3.4.2

MS Expression Web 4 Interface

53

3.5 Creating Web Pages

3

55


3.5.1
3.5.2

Browser Compatibility
Views of a Webpage

57
58

Insert Images
Using Tables
Add Hyper links
HTML Forms
3.9.1
Form Controls
3.9.2
Adding form elements
3.10 More About Layers
3.11 Creating Sites
3.12 Frames
3.13 Interactive Buttons

59
60
62
66

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9








Chapter Summary
Additional Sources
Assignments
Lab Exercises
References

Chapter 4 – Advanced Spreadsheets
Objectives

72
74
75
80

83
83
83
89

92
93

4.1 Introduction
4.2 MS Excel 2010 Interface
4.2.1
WorkSheets & Workbooks
4.2.2
Basic Editing
4.2.3
Freezing Row/Column
4.2.4
Hide / Unhide
4.2.5
Formulas and Functions

93
94
95
95
95
95
96

4.3 Mathematical Functions
4.3.1
Pi, rand, Roman
4.3.2
Abs, Sign, Even, Odd, Int
4.3.3
Product, Quotient, Sqrt, Fact, Mod
4.3.4
Sumif, SumProduct
4.3.5
Ceiling, Mround, , Round, RoundDown, RoundUp,

97
97
98
99
100
102

4.4 Statistical Functions
4.4.1
CountA, CountBlank, CountIf
4.4.2
Max, Min, Mode, Median

104
105

4.5 Logical Functions
4.5.1
True / False
4.5.2
And / Or / Not
4.5.3
If , nested if

108
108
109

4.6 Lookup and Reference
4.6.1
Row, Column
4.6.2
Lookup
4.7 Date and Time
4.7.1
Today & Now
4.7.2
Month, Day, Year, Weekday and Weeknum
4.7.3
Time, Hour, Minute and Second
 Additional Sources

4

110
110
111
111
112







Chapter Summary
Assignments
Lab Exercises
References

Chapter 5 – Databases
Objectives

118

5.1 Introduction

118

5.2 Database Components

119

5.2.1

Field

119

5.2.2

Record

119

5.2.3

Table

119

5.2.4

Database

119

5.2.5

Relationships

119

5.2.6

Keys

119

5.2.7

Rationalization and Redundancy

120

5.3 Data Types

120

5.4 Table Design

121

5.5 MS Access 2010

122

5.5.1

Getting Started

122

5.5.2

The Access Database

124

5.5.3

WorkSpace

124

5.6 Creating your own database

129

5.7 Table relationships

133

5.7.1

Defining a relationship

134

5.8 Queries

138

5.9 Forms

144

5.10 Reports

151







155

Chapter Summary
Additional Sources
Assignments/Group Activity
Lab Exercises/Case Studies/Problem solving
References

5

155
155
161


Course Overview
a. Course Description
Advance IT skills course comprises of topics such as Desktop Publishing, Web
Page creation, Advanced Spread Sheets and Databases. Chapter 1 introduces a
student to the world of elearning supported in their own infrastructure and
helps them to learn more about using internet for elearning practices. Chapter 2
helps the students to create professional posters, flyers, calendars etc with the
help of desktop publishing. Chapter 3 introduces a student to world of web
pages and how to create professional web pages using prominent software MS
Expression Web 4. Chapter 4 explains about the use of MS excel as spread
sheet and then discuss about the main formulas used. Chapter 5 covers one of
the prominent databases – MS access.

b. Course Objectives

The course builds on the skills acquired in the IT foundation course to train
students on important computer tools and software applications such as desktop
publishing,

web

applications,

advanced

spreadsheets,

and

databases.

Throughout the semester, students have been actively utilizing the e-learning
infrastructure of the college.

6


c. Course Outcomes:
1. Demonstrate their ability to use the e-learning portal;
2. Design publications using a publishing software and design tools;
3. Develop web applications using a web development software;
4.

Use advanced functions in spreadsheets

5.

Develop databases.

d. Time Frame :
The expected duration of this course is from _____ weeks/Hours
Formal study time is required is ______ weeks/Hours
How long?

Self-study time is expected/recommended is ______ weeks/Hours

e. Resources:
E Learning Portal, Internet Tools
MS Publisher
MS Expression Web 4

MS Excel
MS Access

7


f. Margin Icons:

Activity

Assessment

Assignment

Case study

Objectives

Discussion

Group activity

Help

Note it!

Basic Competence

Outcomes

Reading

Reflection

Study skills

Answers to
Assessments

Summary

Terminology

Time

Tip

Computer-Based
Learning

Audio

Video

Feedback

8


9


Chapter 1 : E Learning
Objectives
At the end of this module, the students will be able to:
 Define e-Learning,


Know Advantages & Disadvantages of ELearning,



Explore the e-Learning environment used by your college,



Learn to Upload an Assignment, Take a Quiz , Download a File etc



Understand Netiquette



Understand online support for SDL

1.1 Introduction
E-learning is essentially the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills,
information and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based
learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities and digital
collaboration.
E-learning was first called "Internet-Based Training" then "Web-Based Training".
Today you will still find these terms being used, along with variations of e-learning
such as elearning, Elearning, and eLearning.
1.2 What is E-learning?
E-learning allows you to learn anywhere and usually at any time, as long as you have a
properly configured computer. E-learning is a structured, purposeful use of electronic
systems or computers in support of the learning process.
E-learning provides education via the Internet, network, or standalone computer. It
includes the delivery of content via Internet, Intranet/Extranet , audio-videotape,
satellite broadcast, interactive TV, and CD-ROM. It can include text, video, audio,
animation and virtual environments. It can be a very rich learning experience that can
even surpass the level of training you might experience in a crowded classroom.
1.3 Why ELearning
E-learning is an excellent option in education, particularly when there are hindrances
to traditional learning situations. For example, some people wish to continue their
educations but do not live within driving distance of a college or university and don't
find it feasible to relocate. E-learning is available alternative for these students. Many
students just do not learn well in a traditional learning environment, but thrive in a
more flexible setting. Some choose full-time enrollment in a virtual school, while
others use e-learning to supplement a home school curriculum. In the business world,
10


e-learning provides a way for companies to train and instruct employees without
requiring them to travel to a central location.
1.4 E-Learning Advantages / Disadvantages
1.4.1 Advantages

Convenience is one of the major advantages of e-learning. It allows
students to work and learn at their own pace without the unyielding time
restrictions of traditional learning. Because e-learning provides access to
learning materials at any time, students have the flexibility to schedule
around families, jobs and other activities.

Another major benefit of e-learning is the accessibility it provides. Students
can learn from anywhere in the world. This is an especially important
consideration for students who wish to study in a different country. In
addition, because e-learning can be done from home, it is more economical
when compared to traditional learning.
1.4.2





Disadvantages
A major disadvantage to e-learning is the self-discipline it requires. While
being able to work at your own pace can be an advantage, it can also be a
disadvantage. This is especially true for students who have difficulty with
time management and procrastination. These students tend to be more
successful with the structure of traditional learning.
Another disadvantage to e-learning is the technology involved. Some
people do not have ready access to a computer and Internet connection.
And some who do have the required equipment feel ill-equipped to use it.
Lack of interaction between teacher and student is another drawback to elearning.

1.5 Levels of E-Learning
E-learning falls into four categories, from the very basic to the very advanced. The
categories are:
1. Knowledge databases
2. Online support
3. Asynchronous training
4. Synchronous training
1.5.1 Knowledge databases -- While not necessarily seen as actual training, these
databases are the most basic form of e-learning. This offers indexed explanations and
guidance for software questions, along with step-bystep instructions for performing
specific tasks. These are usually moderately interactive, meaning that you can either
type in a key word or phrase to search the database, or make a selection from an
alphabetical list.
1.5.2 Online support -- Online support is also a form of e-learning and functions in a
similar manner to knowledge databases. Online support comes in the form of forums,
11


chat rooms, online bulletin boards, e-mail, or live instant-messaging support. Slightly
more interactive than knowledge databases, online support offers the opportunity for
more specific questions and answers, as well as more immediate answers.
1.5.3 Asynchronous training -- This is e-learning in the more traditional sense of the
word. It involves self-paced learning, either CD-ROM-based, Intranet-based or
Internet-based. It may include access to instructors through online bulletin boards,
online discussion groups and e- mail. Or, it may be totally self-contained with links to
reference materials in place of a live instructor.

1.5.4 Synchronous training -- Synchronous training is done in real-time with a live
instructor facilitating the training. Everyone logs in at a set time and can communicate
directly with the instructor and with each other. You can raise your cyber hand and
even view the cyber whiteboard. It lasts for a set amount of time -- from a single
session to several weeks, months or even years. This type of training usually takes
place via Internet Web sites, audio- or video-conferencing, Internet telephony, or even
two-way live broadcasts to students in a classroom.

1.6 The E-Learning Portal
The E-Learning Portal is an online support and a virtual learning environment where
students can find online resource of their courses including lecture materials, study
notes, discussion boards, and many more. This chapter presents the different practical
activities in the e-learning portal such as using forums, e-assessment, uploading and
downloading materials, and producing electronic materials.
1.6.1 Moodle
E Learning is supported with a software called Moodle which is customized for
each college.
Some elearning WebSites

12

Moodle is an Open Source Course Management System (CMS), also known as
a Learning Management System (LMS) or a Virtual Learning Environment

(VLE). It has become very popular among educators around the world as a tool
for creating online dynamic web sites for their students.
In general the functionalities remain the same and the tasks explained here can
be done in any elearning website of the Colleges of Technology.
1.6.2

Your eLearning environment.
Visit your college website and follow the link for elearning.

Login to elarning
You need to have a user name and password to login to your elearning
website.

13


After you login the Click on My Courses In the left column of your web page
Select ITAD1100 Advanced IT Skills

Familiarize ELearning
Get familiar with your elearning environment and identify the important
links

1.6.3 Moodle Screen Elements
When you have clicked on one of the module/course titles in Moodle, you have
entered a course area. Each module may look slightly different depending on how your
teacher uses Moodle. But, there are some basic Moodle screen elements that are
common and are important to understand:
 The Navigation bar (built as a breadcrumbs trail)
 Course content area
 Side blocks
The breadcrumb trail mechanism allows a student to easily return to a previous screen
by clicking the corresponding link. You should use the breadcrumb trail to browse
forward and backward instead of using the main browser forward and back buttons.
In the middle part of the webpage the Topics will be listed either with an activity or a
resource.
When you login, you see a screen as shown below. These can be either and activity or
a resource.

14


The first four ie Assignment, Quiz, Chat and Forum are activities. The last two ie URL
and file are resources.
1.6.4 Activities and Resources
Some Explanations
Activity: Something you have to do like
upload a file, take an online quiz etc. After
this you have to submit the activity for
further analysis.
Assignment: This icon is given when you
have to upload an assignment.
Chat: Chat with your friend.
Quiz : Take an online quiz
Forum : Share your view on topics.
Resources :- Something you can
download, visit etc
File : Click on this icon to download the file.
The icon will be reflecting the content of the
file – like word, excel etc.
URL : Following this link to find some
website address related to your course.

15


Submit an assignment (Upload a file)
Create a word file “Assignment 1- ITAD “ and keep it in desktop.
Click on Topic 1 > Submit your Assignment here

Click on Upload a file
It will open a screen as shown below. You may either drag and drop the file to
be uploaded or click on choose a file.

This is will open a file picker. Click on Choose a file.

16


From desktop choose the word file you saved before.

Click the button Upload this file.

Click Button Save Changes.

17


Now the file is submitted for grading. Click update and follow the same
steps if you want to change the file within the due date. After the due date file is not
available for update.

Take a Quiz
Click on Quiz 1
Read the instruction and click Attempt quiz now button
Select the question number and choose the answer and finally click the
Submit All Finish Button. Watch the time.

Using forums
Click on the ITAD-1100 Forum
You can send messages for the participants who are not logged in to the course.
This also enables them to read their messages when they log in.
To post a message to the forum:
Chat
Click on the ITAD-1100 Chat
The E-Learning Portal allows you to send instant messages to the online
participants in the e-Learning Portal. To do this, click the envelope icon on the
opposite of the person‟s name whom you wish to send instant message to.

URL ( Visit a site)
Click on the URL: Self Directed Learning
18


Access Course Materials ( Download a file)
Click on the URL: ITAD Course Delivery Plan



Simply Clicking on the link will automatically download the file the default
downloads folder.
Right click as “ Save as” Allow you to save the file in the folder of your choice
and the file can be saved in a name of your choice.

Logging Out
19


Once all your activities in the course have been completed, you will need to
logout from the E-Learning Portal by clicking on the “logout “text icon which
can be found on the top-right corner of the page next to your name.
1.7 BEST PRACTICES IN USING INTERNET
"Netiquette" stands for "Internet Etiquette", and refers to the set of practices created
over
the years to make the Internet experience pleasant for everyone. Netiquette is primarily
concerned with matters of courtesy in communications over internet.
Below are the tips on how to stay online with netiquette.
1.7.1 Posting or Writing a message


Remember Emotion. Do not use big letters or uppercase letters unnecessarily in
emails, chat, or forums -- it designates shouting, and is considered rude. If you
want to emphasize a word, use stars or underlines sparingly. You can use
smileys sparingly to signal emotions like smiles, winks, sadness, surprise, etc.



Be particularly polite when disagreeing with others. Wherever possible,
acknowledge good points made, and then respectfully describe the areas where
you disagree to produce the most productive conversation.

1.7.2 Netiquette of Sending


Be Brief. It takes considerable time and effort to read long messages. Make it
short and to the point.



Use White Space. Use white space to enhance readability.



Use Descriptive Subject Lines. A short, meaningful subject is the most useful
element of information when one wants to identify the message at a glance.



Stay On-Topic. Never post off-topic messages, not related to the subject of the
forum.



Sending Attachments. Be careful sending email attachments. Unlike an email
message, which is usually about 1 kb in size, an attachment can be many
kilobytes or megabytes. Sending big attachment will be inconvenient for
receivers with low speed.

1.7.3. Netiquette for Replying

20

Reply to sender. When someone asks a question or posts an offer for
information or services to a forum, then you should send them an email directly

instead of posting a reply to the whole list or newsgroup which takes up a lot of
bandwidth for people that aren't interested in the topic.


Minimize forwarding. Unless the email is so important include only email ids
of people who are actually interested in such forwarded mails.



Check Current Information Before Replying. Always check your recent email
or the most recent posted messages before replying to someone else's message,
in order to make sure the situation has not already changed, and that your
response is still on-topic and useful.



Reference Past Communications. Include a portion of a message that you are
replying to when it is relevant. However, don't include more than necessary,
otherwise people will give up reading. Use the word <snip> to indicate
deletions.



Acknowledge Important Communications. If someone sends you an important
email, it is polite to send them a quick acknowledgment so they know you got
it.

1.8 USING INTERNET FOR SELF DIRECTED LEARNING
In self-directed learning (SDL), the individual takes the initiative and the
responsibility for what occurs. Individuals select, manage, and assess their own
learning activities, which can be pursued at any time, in any place, through any
means, at any age.
1.8.1 Internet Support
This is the world of internet. Millions of machines are reachable and a huge
volume of information is awaiting you. With internet available at home the selfpaced learning with internet has become a common practice.
Web supports self-directed learning
both by giving the learner control and
providing mechanisms for learning to determine what information is pertinent to
them.
Information in internet is ready at any time and it‟s massive. Knowing how to use
the internet judiciously is the key to getting the right information at your fingertips.
1.8.2 Searching and retrieving information.
How to extract the right information from the internet ? There are a lot of
supporting tools in internet which help you to gain new knowledge or to expand
your own information store.

21

Web Search Engines

A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information
on the World Wide Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of
results often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs).
Good search engines will do a thorough search and dig out the information based
on your "KEY WORD". The websites which is shaped according to the Search
Engine Optimization (SEO) techniques will attract the attention of the search
engines and will be presented to the user as Search Results.
Every time a user visits a Web Site it is called a hit. Number of hits to a website
determines many factors ranging from information reliability to
revenue generation for that web site.
Examples of Popular Search Engine : Google Search,
YahooSearch, Bing etc
Google deliver you with a varied set of products to aid you in
smart search. It is pointed out that the power of Google as an
informational search engine is growing almost exponentially with more than 31
billion searches being requested every month.
Every day Google answers more than one billion questions from people around the
globe in 181 countries and 146 languages.


Audio / Visual

Seeing in action is more effective than reading. There are many
educational videos in internet which gives you a clear presentation
of topics or animation of concepts.
Youtube has a large collection of educational videos


Animation in Sites

There are some websites which gives you interactivity in learning
some concepts. This is will help the student to understand the concepts
graphically using animated techniques. Eg: Electronic Circuits
animation.
 Software
Simulation software and other programs are available in the
internet for free of use which will help you to set up programs at
leisure of your laptops or desktop at your home. Eg: PHP,
MySQL etc.

22


 Forums
There are a lot of Technical forums
where you can be a member of. Such
forum shared by experienced users can
be a great asset to students facing
problems in their area of interest. They
can post questions and avail support
from the fellow members.
Eg : http://www.techrepublic.com/forum

1.8.3 Web Page Rankings
PageRank is what Google uses to
determine the importance of a web page. It's one of many factors used to determine
which pages appear in search results.

1.8.4 Other Popular Online Supports
Wikipedia : Wikipedia is a the best resource to get quick overview on almost any
topics on the earth. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
LearnOutLoud : LearnOutLoud is the podcast directory which contains audio /
visual material http://www.learnoutloud.com/
OpenCourseWare Finder : OpenCourseWare Finder will be very useful when
you
want
to
find
lecture
materials
on
certain
topics.
http://opencontent.org/ocwfinder/
Technorati : Technorati helps you find good blogs. Just type the topic you are
interested in and you will get relevant blogs from Technorati‟s blog directory.

1. Search from Internet what is meant by “Phishing”
2. Use any Search engine to find out links for the following
 Image on Phishing
 Video on Phishing
 Book on Phishing
 Find a forum which is discussing Phishing
 Find out a latest news in Phishing

23


CHAPTER SUMMARY
Colleges and universities are discovering the advantages of e-learning to meet the
challenges of the fast-growing technologies in the academics. The Colleges of
Technology has its own e-learning portal used as a tool which provides teachinglearning integrated services among students and staff to improve and enhance the
quality of education it offers. The e-learning can be accessed from your college
website.

ADDITIONAL SOURCES





http://www.e-learningconsulting.com/consulting/what/e-learning.html
http://learnframe.com/aboutelearning/
http://downes.ca /
http://www.selfdirectedlearning.com

ASSIGNMENTS
1. Make a document about the eLearning sites used in the other 6 colleges of
technology. Use screen shots. Upload this as assignment.
2.

Search for an example site / program for any two of the following.
Search engine, Video store, Animation Site, Free Programs,
Technical Forums.
Take screen shots and make a document. Upload in eLearning. .

Laboratory Exercises:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Login to Elearning Site
Enroll for the course ITAD 1100 as directed by your teacher.
Access the Elearning Course Content
Download a file
Submit an Assignment
Take an Online Quiz
Chat or send instant messages to your classmate.
Participate in a forum with a subject posted by your teacher. Give your
feedback about the subject. Raise issues related to the topic.
9. Use college email id to send a mail. Use a meaningful subject line and
Understand CC and BCC.
10. Search in the internet to find about the other eLearning sites of other 6
colleges.
24


REFERENCES
[1] Dalziel, J. (2003). Open Standards versus Open Source in e-Learning. Educause
Quarterly, 4, 4-7.
[2] Huynh, M.Q., Umesh, U.N., Valachich, J. (2003). E-Learning as an Emerging
Entrepreneurial Enterprise in Universities and Firms. Communications of the AIS, 12,
48-68.
[3] Industry Canada (2001). The E-learning E-volution in Colleges and Universities: A
Pan- Canadian Challenge, retrieved 11 December 2010 from
http://www.cmec.ca/postsec/evolution.en.pdf.
[4] Miller, R. L, Learning Benefits of Interactive Technologies, Multimedia and
Videodisc
Monitor, February 1990, pg. 14.
[5] Woodill, G. (2004). Where is the Learning in E-learning? Retrieved 11 December
2010 from http://www.elearningguru.com/wpapers/e-Learning_analysis.pdf.
[6] http://www.ehow.com/about_4743220_advantages-disadvantages-elearning.html
Retrieved 18 December 2010.

25


Chapter 2: DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Objectives







2.1

Understand what desktop publishing is
Software used for desktop publishing
Popular Publication Types
Use Microsoft Publisher 2010
Explain the different components, elements, and principles of
design
Design Calendars, Business Cards, Brochures and Flyers

INTRODUCTION
Look around you and list down anything that you can see which you think are
products of desktop publishing… Along your way to the college, you can see
long carpets in buildings for some promotions and advertisements. When you
parked your car and enter a coffee shop, they will offer you several brochures
to browse. In the shop, when you meet a new fellow, he/she will extend you a
colorful business card.
When you are about to enter the college, you notice some posted banners about
an approaching Open Day event. Along the corridor, one organizer had handed
you a beautifully designed invitation about the event. When you passed by the
notice boards, you see some posted impressive greeting cards about Eid.
Newspapers, newsletters, postcards, posters, resumes, calendars, technical
documentation and many more are products of desktop publishing. Hopefully,
you will be creating a number of these in this course and add them in the list.


DESK TOP PUBLISHING

In basic terms, desktop publishing (DTP) is the process of using personal
computers and peripheral devices to produce professional-quality formatted
publications. For many such publications, DTP encompasses all aspects of
design, layout, and formatting before the publication goes to a printer. It
originated in the 1980s with the advent of Apple Computer by Macintosh,
which featured a high-resolution graphical user interface that allowed users to
see on screen the exact formatting they were using. The term "desktop
publishing" was coined in 1985 by Aldus Corp., makers of the first desktop
26


publishing program, called PageMaker.
2.2Common Software in Desktop Publishing
Desktop publishing software is a tool for graphic designers and non-designers
to create visual communications for professional or desktop printing as well as
for online or on-screen electronic publishing. Depending on a business's needs,
there are several levels of DTP software and hardware, ranging from very basic
low-end products primarily for small businesses to elaborate and expensive
products intended for high- volume professional settings.
Publisher is a program that allows users to create professional documents such
as newsletters, flyers, brochures, gift certificates, and business cards. This
unique program includes several different pre-designed templates that make it
quick and easy to create a professional-looking document.
Here is a list of the common software in desktop publishing:










PagePlus
Print Artist
The Print Shop Professional
Microsoft Publisher
PrintMaster Platinum
The Print Shop Deluxe
Scrapbook Factory Deluxe
Design & Print
Adobe Illustrator.

2.3 POPULAR PUBLICATION TYPES

In this chapter we discuss
 Business Cards
 Brochure
 Calendars
 Flyers
The publisher file is saved with the extension
27

*.pub

2.4 CREATING PUBLICATIONS
2.4.1 Accessing
Start > All Programs > MS Office > Microsoft Publisher 2010

2.4.2Getting Started
Under the “most popular” templates or “more templates” select a category
from the list below. Eg. Greeting cards.

28


Select a template , Birthday.

Choose Birthday 6
The template can be customized to your liking
by changing the options located in the right hand
pane. If you would like to create your own color
and font schemes, simply scroll to the bottom of
the list and select “Create New”.

Choose the color scheme and Font as shown
below.

Click on Business Information
Set a name “Custom1” and press save.

Now click the button create.

29


2.4.3 Work Space

Ribbon : Like in other Office programs, the Ribbon houses several tabs that
help you create your document.
Page Navigation Bar: Shows you the different pages in your publication and
gives you easy access to the pages.
Ruler: The ruler is used to keep track of the length and depth of your
publication.
2.4.4 Tabs
a)The home tab is where your general resources are located. Formatting text,
such as color, font, alignment, and size, are found on this tab. From this tab you
can also insert textboxes, pictures, tables, and other shapes.

b)The insert tab contains buttons for adding new pages, tables, pictures, shapes,
clipart, WordArt, and other page parts that provide instant enhancement to your
publications.


30

Pages-- If you need to add a page to your document, click the “Page”





arrow button, and select from the drop down menu.
Tables-- From the “Table” button, drag your pointer over the blocks
until the desired size is reached.
Illustrations-- From the Illustrations section on the Insert bar, users
have the ability to insert pictures, clip art, shapes, and a picture
placeholder option to reserve space in a project for pictures.
Building Blocks-- This section provides access to pre-made page parts,
calendars, borders/accents, and advertisements that are helpful in
building the layout of a new project.

c)The page design tab is used when the document settings need to be adjusted.
From this tab, the user can change the color settings, font settings, and
orientation of the page.

2.4.5 Adding and formatting text box

2.4.6 Drop Cap
The general purpose of inserting a drop cap is to aesthetically enhance your
document. It is especially useful when creating stories or articles, because it
gives a very official and “bookish” beginning to your document.



31

To access this feature, highlight the letter you want to be designated as
the Drop Cap.
From the “Text Box Tools” tab, select the drop cap button and choose a
style.


2.4.7 Character Spacing





32

Right click inside the textbox.
Select the Change Text command and then select Character Spacing.
Under Kerning use the drop-down arrow to select Expand or Condense.
Click OK when finished.


2.4.8 Adding
Go to page 4 in Page Navigation

Insert “Tulips” from pictures library

2.4.9 Clip Art & Word Art




33

Choose Page 2
Search for Candles
Insert clip art and resize figure if needed.


Word Art

2.4.10 SAVE, EXIT and OPEN
Create a folder cards in desktop and save the file with name “Birthday” and type
“Publisher Files”

34


It will be the editable file birthday.pub. Below shown are other ways of saving
the publisher files.

Save it as pdf and jpg type.
Shown below is the pdf version of the
file. It should printed and folded through
appropriate sides.

EXITING



Remember to save first!
From the file menu, select Exit OR click
on the „x‟ in the upper right corner.

OPENING AN EXISTING DOCUMENT





35

From the file menu, select the Open
command
From the print screen, you can also open
a document.
Locate the desired file using the open screen.
Open.


2.5 CREATING BUSINESS CARDS

36


37







Search for clip art Network
Insert Auto shape and format the desisn
Insert word art on “South Wing”
Change the font of Mobile and Email to Eras Bold ITC

Save file as BC. Pub , BC.pdf and BC.jpg.

38


2.6 CREATING CALENDARS











Insert Auto shape { and position correctly.
Search for business in clipart and insert as shown
Insert a Text Box and select the design as shown
Type the text.
Insert the Bar as shown
Insert word art Happy New Year and resize
Write "STAFF TOUR" in cell 29
Insert auto shape starts of various size
Apply gradient background

Save as Cal.pub, Cal.jpg and Cal.pdf

39


2.7 CREATING BROCHURES
A brochure can be an effective way to present information about your business,
product, or service to prospective clients. You can produce your own 3- or 4panel brochures in Microsoft Publisher 2010









40

Template : Checkers
Color Scheme : Orange
Font : Arial Rounded MT
Business Information : Custom 1 ( saved earlier)
Page Size : 3 panel
Form : Sign Up form
Click Create


41


Include any necessary forms. If you're
using your brochure to solicit information
or orders from your customers, you'll
want to include a form in your brochure
to collect that information. The Forms
dropdown list offers several options.

Create the brochure. In Publisher 2010, click the "Create" button at the bottom of the
task pane to create your brochure.
You may want to print out the brochure at this point to see if the design is what you want.
You can also create a PDF of it at this point to email to others for their input on the design.
Save the brochure. Choose "Save" or "Save As" from from the menu at the left edge of
the File tab page (Publisher 2010). Give your brochure a descriptive name.

42


2.8 CREATING FLYERS







Template : Arrows
Color Scheme : Orange
Font Scheme : Arial Rounded
Business Information : Custom1 ( same as previous)
Tear off : Contact Information

The Tear-offs dropdown offers several options:
Contact information. Choose
this option if your flyer is
designed to solicit customers and
have people tear off your contact
information while the flyer
remains posted to attract other
customers.
Coupon. Choose this option if
your flyer is promoting a sale or
special offer and you wish to
offer a discount to people who
respond to your advertisement.
Order form. Choose this option if your flyer is promoting a special offer on a product
or service and you are soliciting orders from customers with it.
43


Response form. Choose this option if your flyer is promoting a product, service, or
event and you are trying to find out if someone is interested in it to follow up with
more information.
Sign-up form. Choose this option if, as for the response form, your flyer is promoting
an event and you are trying to find out if someone is interested in it and, more
importantly, willing to take part in or assist with it. Sign-up forms are more likely to be
used with posted flyers, while response forms are more suited to self-mailers.







44

Search for Clip art business and insert right one
Insert the advertisement with 20% off
Insert text box with right design
Choose back ground gradient
Save as flyer.pub, flyer.pdf and flyer.jpg


CHAPTER SUMMARY
Microsoft Publisher is a desktop publishing application which allows you to
create artistic documents such as brochures, newsletters, flyers, etc. Many of
the commands and toolbar in Publisher are similar to other Microsoft Office
applications so new users will find text editing familiar. However, Publisher is
much more flexible, in that text, graphics and even tables are all independent
elements.

ADDITIONAL SOURCES

 Visit Microsoft.com for more information on MS Publisher 2010
ASSIGNMENTS
1. Create a professional looking Business card choosing your own template and data.
2. Use your imagination to create a full year calendar which suits best for the any one of
the following
a. Kids b. Hospital c. Class Room d. Your House e. Car show room
3. Create a brochure for any one of the following
a. Conference b. Book Exhibition c. New book shop
LABORATORY EXERCISES
1. Design the Business Card given below
a) Choose the template Perforation and color scheme default.
b) Apply line color Blue and line weight 2 pt for the address text boxes.
c) Change Height and Width of the address text boxes to 0.6” and 1.2” respectively
with 1 degree rotation.
d) Delete the default logo and insert a new college logo into the business card.
e) Apply any light green background color with 14 percent tint of Accent2 to the
business card.
f) Apply border Accent Corners to the business card.

45


2. Create a Business Card as shown in the picture, and complete the list of tasks
mentioned below:
a) Choose the template Marker and color scheme Pebbles.
b) Change the data as shown in the figure and change the font of whole data to
BodoniMT.
c) From ClipArt search for Forklift picture and Insert as shown below.
d) Insert a design gallery object accessory bar as shown below.
e) Change the background color to texture fill (news print).
f) Change the logo and insert an oval shape in the middle and write the text ‘net’.
g) Insert a shape banners - down ribbon, apply shadow effect and write the text
‘andover.net’ as shown below.
h) Save with the name Andover in your folder

46


3. Design the Brochure given as follows

a.

Choose the template Floating Oval and apply Trek color scheme and make
necessary modifications as given in the above figure.

b.
c.

Change the text font to TimeNewRoman, 18pt.
Insert a picture as given in the brochure.

d.

Add callouts and add text “Hurry up”.

e.

Insert a word art as specified in the above figure.

f.

Format and justify the text given under About Seminar.

4. Create a Calendar as shown in the picture, and complete the list of tasks mentioned
below:
a)

Choose Classic Design Travel.

b)

Choose Page Size Landscape and Timeframe One year per page.

47


c)

From ClipArt search for two travel pictures and Insert them as shown below.

d)

Change the background color to Light Green and apply border with Star.

e)
f)
18.
g)

Add the text “Travel Calendar” with font size 12, center and Bold.
Add the auto shape on the top left with the text “Happy Trip!!!”, Font Size is
Save the Calendar with the name “Travel” in the folder.

REFERENCES
[1] Clark, Nick. Duotones, Tritones and Quadtones: A Complete Visual Guide to
Enhancing Two-, Three-, and Four-Color images. San Francisco: Chronicle Books,
1997.
[2] Covington, Melody Mauldin. Dictionary of Desktop Publishing. Hauppauge,
NY: Barron's Educational Series, 1995.
[3] Dzilna, Dzintars. "Doing More but Spending Less." Folio, 1 October 1998.
[4] http://support.microsoft.com/gp/gp_off_main#tab0. Support for Office 2001 and
2010. Accessed 03 December 2010.
[5] Paonita, Anthony. "The Print Shop on Your Desk." Business Week, 1 February 1999.
[6] Stonely, Dorothy. "Desktop Publishing Industry Evolves with Demand." Business
Journal, 17 March 1997.
[7] Toor, Marcelle Lapow. The Desktop Designer's Illustration Handbook. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.
[8] Blakely, Stephen. 'Logging On for Desktop Publishing." Nation's Business, February
1998.
48


49


Chapter 3: WEB APPLICATIONS
Objectives
At the end of this module, the students will be able to
 Understand the structure of Web sites.
 Software and tools used for the Development of Web Sites.
 Create web pages from scratch and/or using templates by applying
the following applications: working on with text, inserting
hyperlinks, embedding of images, formatting lists, and inserting of
files and other objects.
 Create a website that includes the following: tables, forms, shared
borders, frames etc.
 Edit Web Pages
 Preview a website in a web browser;
 Learn MS Expression Web 4
3.1 Introduction
A website is a collection of web pages, documents that are accessed through the
Internet. A web page is what you see on the screen when you type in a web address, click
on a link, or put a query in a search engine. A web page can contain any type of
information, and can include text, color, graphics, animation and sound.
When someone gives you their web address, it generally takes you to their
website's home page, which should introduce you to what that site offers in terms of
information or other services. From the home page, you can click on links to reach other
sections of the site. A website can consist of one page, or of tens of thousands of pages,
depending on what the site owner is trying to accomplish.
Why Do People Visit Websites?
Generally, people look at websites for two primary reasons:
1. To find information they need. This could be anything from a student looking for
pictures of frogs for a school project, to finding the latest stock quotes, to getting the
address of the nearest Thai restaurant.
2. To complete a task. Visitors may want to buy the latest best-seller, download a software
program, or participate in an online discussion about a favorite hobby.

50


The main thing to remember in creating a website is that you're not creating the website
for you; you already know about the information or service you have to offer. You're
creating the site for your visitors, so it should contain the content they want, and be
organized in a way that makes sense, even to an outsider.
A website is a means of communication, and it is only successful when its message is
received by the intended user.
To create a website we use WYSIWYG editors as opposed to text editors where you have
to write HTML codes to create a webpage.
3.2 Tools and Software used for Web Development











Adobe Dreamweaver
CoffeeCup HTML Editor
Komodo IDE
Expression Web
phpDesigner
BestAddress HTML Editor
CSE HTML Validator
EditPlus
Web Studio
TopStyle

3.3 PLANNING FOR A WEBSITE
A website is a collection of interrelated web pages. Before working with your website
there are some background works which needs to be done. You should be clear about the
following things.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

What type of website are you planning?
How will it be organized?
What are the pictures / buttons to be used?
How to link different pages?
How to provide user Interactivity?
Publishing the webpages in internet.

To explain the concepts we use an Example site. We will use a sample web site for Personal
Page of Anna Mary.
51









Think a while and plan for your pages.
Think of the links and pictures you are going to use.
Decide how many pages you will be using
How these pages will be linked ?
Use your imagination for how your personal page should look like
Visit similar sites to get new ideas.

3.4 MS Expression Web
Microsoft Expression Web 4 is a tool to help you develop,
maintain, and publish your Web sites.
MS Expression Web 4 lets you:
 Insert text and graphics


Import and export files



Add, test, and repair hyperlinks



Easily view and manage the entire Web site

There are many good reasons for building a web page but
it is important that your goals are clear. Your objectives
should drive content and the design of your site. Many
people build home pages as a hobby, purely for their own
personal development. Others build them to promote business, social, cultural, humanitarian,
or business objectives.
Knowledge of web page design and development can help you in your career. Many businesses
today have their own corporate intranet sites, which are simply internal and internet systems
used to share corporate information.
Welcome to Microsoft Expression Web, a full-featured professional tool for designing,
developing, and publishing compelling, feature-rich websites that comply with web standards.
Whether you're a designer, a developer, or a visual design professional, Expression Web can
help you bring your designs to the web. Web designers, web developers, and visual design
professionals can use Expression Web to create and produce sites.

52


3.4.1. Starting MS Expression Web 4


Select the Start button



All Programs




Microsoft Expression
Microsoft Expression Web 4

3.4.2 MS Expression Web 4 Interface
When you first launch the program, you will find a number of task panes,
toolbars, and dialogs with a wide range of features. You can customize the
workspace by docking and undocking toolbars, opening and closing task
panes, and changing preferences settings.
You will find the various toolbars, including dedicated toolbars for
working with images and CSS, under the View menu when you choose
Toolbars.
You can open and close task panes by selecting them from the Task Panes
menu. To change preferences, select Tools > Application Options or
Tools> Page Editor Options.

53


Let us Start



Create a Folder AnnasSite. Here we save it in H:AnnasSite
Save all your work in this folder

Getting started

54


3.5 Creating Web Pages
In Microsoft Expression Web, you have several options for creating web pages. After you create a
page, you can set the properties of the page.
It's important to always use Expression Web when renaming files and folders so that hyperlinks
to or from the renamed file (or files in the renamed folder) are automatically updated. If you
rename a file or folder by using Microsoft Windows Explorer, hyperlinks to and from that file (or
files in that folder) are not updated.
To create a new web page, do one of the following:
On the File menu, point to New, and then click Page. In the New dialog box, select the type of
page, and then click OK. OR Press CTRL+N. OR On the Common toolbar, click the New
Document button.

File > New > Page > General > HTML >
OK
A new HTML page with name
untitled1.html will be displayed.

Type the following text.

55


To save a web page
Do one of the following: On the Common toolbar, click the Save button. OR Right-click the
tab at the top of the editing window and then click Save. OR On the File menu, click Save. OR
To save a webpage to a different location or with a different name, on the File menu, click Save
As.

To change the properties of a web page
1. With the web page open, do one of the following:
o In Design view, right-click an empty area, and then click Page Properties.
o On the File menu, click Properties.
2. In the Page Properties dialog box, on the Formatting tab, do the following:

56


3.5.1 Browser Compatibility
Internet users have wider choice of browsers when it comes to surfing the net. It
is our responsibility as designers and developers to ensure that websites we‘ve
created are compatible for most of the commonly used browsers these days.
Preview the page in Browser
File > Preview in Browser
You can see a list of Browsers available in your system.

Click on Internet Explorer
You can see this page in IE8
Try to see this page in different Browsers available in the list.
57


3.5.2 Views of a Web Page
View Option
There are several ways to look at the content of the website as it is created.
Using different views of the page(s) allows the user to design, publish and
manage the website .Additionally, the different view assist in solving site
problems and make the whole web creation, revision, and publication
process more effective. Depending on the tab selected in the page view
frame, the different views will be available.

Every webpage is based on a HTML code
When you start with you are already in Design view.
To see the code of page you created, Click on Code.

58


This will show you the HTML code of welcome.html.



All web pages use what is known as an HTML tags.
Every component of page is result of using a HTML tag.
When you add components in Design view , Expression Web 4 will create the
codes for you which you can see in Code view.
Split view helps you to see Design view and Code view side by side.

3.6 Insert Images
To add a picture from a file to a web page
1. In your web page, place your cursor where you want to add a picture, and then do the
following:
o On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click From File. In the Picture
dialog box, in the File Name box, specify the file you want to add, and then click
Insert.
2. In the Accessibility Properties dialog box, in the Alternate text box, type the alternate
text you want. Alternate text makes your image accessible to screen readers. It also is
visible in some browsers when the graphic is downloading, when it can't be found, or
when a site visitor moves the pointer over it.
3. To add a long description, click Browse and select a file, and then click OK.

59


You should have the pictures already saved
in the images folder before using it in the
webpage.

File > Insert > Picture > From File .
Browse for the directory D:/Annasite/images/

Click on the file menupic.jpg

Drag images : You can resize this
image by dragging in or out along the border.

Double click on picture to see the
properties

Change the font and make it bold
This is the final webpage with the picture added.
3.7 Using tables
A table is made up of rows and columns of cells into which you can insert text, graphics
and other HTML. You can customize your tables in a variety of ways to make them more
attractive and easy to read.
To add a table
In Design view, place the insertion point where you want to insert the table.
Do one of the following:
On the Table menu, click Insert Table.
On the Tables toolbar, click the Draw Table button and then use your pointer to draw the
table.
60

Set the properties that you
want.
Open a new page
academics.html
Insert a table 6X2

Select the first row and use cell properties to give the
background color to the row.

61


Use layers to insert an image where ever you want in the webpage.

3.8 Add Hyper links
The HyperLink control creates links on a web page that allow users to move from page to page in
your application. The HyperLink control can display clickable text or an image.
To add a HyperLink control to a page
o Drag the HyperLink control from the Toolbox panel to your page.
o In the Tag Properties panel, set properties for the control.
62


Some Properties.



NavigateUrl : Specifies the URL of the page to which you want to link.
Target : Indicates the ID of a target window or frame in which to display the
linked page. You can either specify a window by name or use predefined target
values, such as _top, _parent, and so on.

Open a page ―contactme.html‖ and do the following changes. We use three images in this page,
so make it ready in your folder. Insert a table and add the following text and images.

Select the text Annas twitter and Click on hyper link. Give the URL
http://www.twitter.com/Anna and target frame New Window to open in a new window

63







We can make hyperlinks on text or images
The hyperlinks can be internal or external
Internal link points to some other file in your folder whereas external links points
to and external website.
You can make images also clickable with internal or external links

3.8.1 Internal Links
Click on the text ―Academics‖
Insert > Hyperlink ( Ctrl + K )
Select the Web Page ―academics.html‖ and Click OK
3.8.2

External Links

Type the text Gmail
Insert > Hyperlink ( Ctrl + K )
In Address bar Type : http://www.gmail.com
Now Click the Target Frame.Choose ―New Window‖ and Click Ok ( By default
the Target frame is ―same window‖)
Click OK in the Hyperlink window also.
Now do the same for Anna‘s Facebook.

Click in the picture showing google plus icon.
Insert the Hyperlink – Ctrl+K
And link to the page http://www.googleplus.com.
This is how you make images as hyperlinks.

64


This is your final webpage ―contactme.html‖

65


3.9

HTML Forms

A form on a site is similar in concept to a form on paper, except that you create it online
and use it to interact with and gather information from site visitors.
Typically, site visitors enter information into form fields and indicate their preferences by
clicking option buttons, check boxes, and drop-down boxes. Site visitors can also type
comments into text boxes or text areas.
You can use forms on your site to:
 Retrieve contact information from site visitors (for example, guest books).
 Receive feedback about your site.
 Accept orders and gather shipping and billing information.
 Provide online registration.
 Offer search box mechanisms.
 Prompt users to log in to your site.
For information about each of the form controls, see Form controls.
You use different form controls to gather different types of information. For instance, to
get site visitor contact information or comments, you might use text boxes or text areas. To
get ordering, shipping, and billing information, you might use these plus drop-down boxes,
option buttons, push buttons, and other controls.
3.9.1 Form controls
Control

Control Description

Advanced
button
Drop-down box

A button that is more customizable than Input (Button).

Group box
Input (Button)
Input
(Checkbox)
Input (File)
Input (Hidden)

A box that groups related form controls.
A push button.
An on/off switch

Input (Image)
Input
(Password)
Input (Radio)
Input (Reset)
Input (Submit)
Input (Text)
Label
Text Area

66

A drop-down menu of choices.

A box for users to select a file to submit with the form.
A control that users can't see but which submits information
with the form.
Important
The information in a hidden control is visible when users
view the source of the web page.
A submit button that appears as an image.
A single line box for users to enter a password. The
password is hidden, often with asterisks.
An on/off radio button. When you group multiple radio
buttons, they become mutually exclusive.
A button which resets the form.
A button which submits the form.
A single line box for users to enter text.
A label to describe another form control.
A large box for users to enter text; you can specify the height
and width of a text area.


We are going to create a similar page for feedback from users who visits Annas Site.
Create a new page ―feedback.html‖



To create a form, you first drag a form from the Toolbox panel onto your page.



The form appears as a dotted box on your page.



Insert a table 10X2 inside the form to arrange the elements as show below.



Next, you drag form controls from the Toolbox panel into the form.

67


3.9.2 Adding Form Elements




Adding Text Box – Input ( Text)
Simply drag and drop. Double click on the text box will give you options on these.
Adding Radio Button – Input ( Radio)
Simply drag and drop. Double click on the text box will give you options on these.
Adding Drop Down Box
We want a drop down box like this.

Simply drag and drop. Double click on the box will give you options on these.
You have to add the options of which one you will select.

68


Step 1 : Double Clik

Step 2 : Click Add

Step 3 : Enter the choice and choose the Initial
state.
Add 5 Countries.

Click on Modify to change your choice or
initial state.

This is the screen after adding 5 values of which Oman is selected.
69


Text Box Properties.

Adding Text Area

Table – Formatting cell properties. Select the
first column and right click. Select cell
properties.

70


Change the title.

Right Click on the folder > New > HTML to add a new
page ―mylikes.html‖

71


3.10

More About Layers

A layer is a container in a web page that can hold page elements, such as text and
graphics. You can overlap, nest, and show or hide layers on a page. Layers can be used to
create web page layouts and, when combined with Behaviors, to create animations and
fly-out menus.
After adding a layer to a web page, you can modify these properties and add new
properties to the layer by using the layer features in Expression Web. You can create
layers using the Layers panel, the Insert menu, or the Toolbox panel.
The following page uses 3 layers.

Position the Layer by keeping the mouse over the border and then dragging

72


Type the text inside the layer
Modifying the layer

Borders and shading > Choose dotted as border style for Layer 1

In shading choose any
background picture. If
the background picture
is dark choose a light
color for font color.

For Layer 2 – Border : Ridge For
Layer3 – Border : Double

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Link ―mylikes.html‖ to menupage.html
3.11Creating Sites
Go to

Site > NewSite

 General > One Page Site > Browse
 Select the folder you created earlier.
 Select Add to Managed List.

74





In the folder list you can see the files created for this website.
All webpages will have extension .html or .htm

3.12 Frames
A frames page is a type of web page that, when displayed in the browser, has multiple regions
within it called frames. Each of these frames can display a different web page. Frames pages are
often used for catalogs, lists of articles or information, or any other kind of page where clicking a
hyperlink in one frame shows a page in another frame.
A frames page itself contains no visible content — it's just a container that specifies which other
web pages to display in a frame and how to display them.
You create a frames page by using one of the frames page templates in Microsoft Expression
Web. In each of these templates, the navigation between frames is already set up for you.
For example, a frames page created by using the Banner and Contents frames page template
actually shows four pages simultaneously in the browser: the frames page, which is the container,
and the three pages shown in each of the three frames. In the following example, when you click
a hyperlink in the contents frame on the left, the page pointed to by that hyperlink opens in the
main frame.
Change the frame targeted by a hyperlink
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On frames pages that you create by using templates in Microsoft Expression Web, the target
frames are already set up for you. You can change the default target frame so that when a site
visitor clicks on a hyperlink, a new browser window opens, or the page opens in one of the
frames.
Banner and Contents frames page template

To change the target frame
1. In Design view, select the text or picture that you are using as a hyperlink, and then click
Insert Hyperlink.
2. In the Edit Hyperlink dialog box, click Target Frame, and then do one of the
following:
o To choose a target frame within your frames page, in the Target Frame dialog
box, the Current frames page area shows a map of your frames page. Click in
the frame you would like to set as the target frame.
o To choose a target frame either within your frames page or outside of it, in the
Target Frame dialog box, the Common targets area gives you several target
frame options. Click one of the options to select a target frame.
Create and format a frames page
After you create a new frames page, you can add a "no frames" message for browsers which can't
display frames. You can also change its layout by resizing, splitting or deleting frames.

76


To create a frames page
1. On the File menu, point to New, and then click Page.
2. In the New dialog box, under Page, select Frames Pages.
3. Select a template, and then click OK.
The new frames page opens.
4. For each frame, do one of the following:
o To select a page that is already created, in the frame, click Set Initial Page, and
then select the page you want to show.
o To create a new page and set it as the initial page to show in that frame, in the
frame, click New Page.
Microsoft Expression Web creates a new page in the frame, and sets the new page
as the initial page.
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Note
When you save a frames page, the Save As dialog box automatically opens again and asks you to
save the pages shown in the frames you just saved. This occurs for each page shown in the
current frames page.
To customize the "no frames" message
1. In Design view, at the bottom of the document window, click No Frames.
2. Modify the message to say what you want.
Tip
In the message you can include pictures, tables, forms, or anything else that you can put on a web
page.
To resize a frame
Click and drag the borders
To split a frame by dragging its border


In Design view, press and hold down CTRL and drag any frame border.
Expression Web creates a new frame.

To split a frame into two evenly divided columns or rows
1. In Design view, select the frame by clicking it.
2. On the Format menu, point to Frames, and then click Split Frame.
3. In the Split Frame dialog box, select Split into columns or Split into rows, and then
click OK.
To delete a frame from a frames page
1. In Design view, select the frame you want by clicking it.
2. On the Format menu, point to Frames, and then click Delete Frame.
To change the initial page shown in a frame
1. In Design view, right-click in the frame, and then click Frame Properties.
2. In the Frame Properties dialog box, in the Initial page box, type the URL of the initial
page you want to show.
To rename a frame
1. In Design view, right-click in the frame, and then click Frame Properties.
2. In the Frame Properties dialog box, in the Name box, type the new name for the frame.
78


Note
If you rename a frame, any existing hyperlinks anywhere in your site that point to the old frame
name will no longer work. You must find each occurrence of the hyperlink in your site, edit the
hyperlink, and change the Target frame box to the new frame name.
Edit a page shown in a frame
If you're editing a frames page in Page view, you can select the frame you want to edit by clicking
it. When you are editing a nested frames page, you can also edit the HTML code, but you must
first open that page in a new window.
To open a page for editing in a new window


In Design view, right-click the frame, and then click Open Page in New Window.
Note
To return to the frames page, on the File menu, click Close.

Configuring Frames
Right-click inside the frame and choose ‗Frame Properties‘
Frame Properties


Name – Give a name to each frame that can be used later while creating hyperlinks to
open in that frame.
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

Initial Page – This is the URL of the page that will be displayed when the parent page first
loads.



Long Description – This property takes the path/URL of the file which contains a
description of what appears in the frame, for the viewers.



Title – is a short description of the frame.



Frame Size Width and Row Height – State the dimensions for the frame. These
dimensions could be relative to other frames, percentage of the window size or in pixels.



Margin Width and Height – Specifies the margins for the frame.



Resizable in Browser – Check the box to be able to resize the frame in Design View by
dragging its borders.

 Show Scrollbars – Lets you choose if scrollbars should appear and when.
NOTE: If you set the scrollbars to never, the content would go beyond the borders of the frame
and would be never visible to the viewers.
3.12 Interactive Buttons

80


Click on Academics

81


Click on Contact me.

Click on Feed Back.
Upload in elearning
 Zip the folder
If you are asked to upload
multiple pages or page with
multiple components then
uploading in Elearning can
be a problem.
You make use Win Rar to zip
all the files and then upload
as a single file.
These are the folder and files
for my site.
Select all and right click
Add to AnnasSite.rar
Now you can upload the AnnasSite.rar file in elearning as a single file.

82


CHAPTER SUMMARY: Creating an effective website can be done using an entrylevel web application such as Microsoft Expression Web 4 .Creating a website from scratch is
easy as creating web pages using templates. The sense of creativity of the web designer is a key
requirement to create a website that is appealing and attractive. However, a website should not
only be attractive but also informative. A good website is a website that is properly designed. The
web structure, navigation, links, and objects included should follow the web design standards.
Microsoft Expression Web 4 is best learned by hands-on practice. Finally, after testing the web
pages, it is a good idea to publish the website in the World Wide Web.

Additional Resources


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdDeB3FHQXU&list=PL77A2C1E3078480
DA



https://www.facultyresourcecenter.com/curriculum/8533-Expression-Web-4Quick-Start-T.aspx?c1=en-us&c2=0

Assignment
1. Create your assignment using MS Expression Web 4.
● Create any website for any Company/ office/ Information/ Business/
Advertisement/ Event/ Competition,. Any one of your choice.
● Your Website must be at least 2 pages. (Home page, Page 1),
● Choose Colour Scheme, Font and Size of your choice that suits your design.
● Organize your work in the best possible way so that you use a reasonable space (
Items line up)
● Login to your college E-Learning website [Moodle] and Upload your assignment
in the provided link.
Your work should have the following.
 Having an appropriate title, Logo to each page.
 Presence of at least one image at each page.
 The use of Table(s) on each page.
 Your Name at the Bottom of every page e.g. Created by <<Your Name & ID>>
 Having a FORM which includes all the controls (Labels, Option buttons, Check
boxes, Text Box, combo box, button, File Uploading button etc.). Save this as
page2
 Use of Hyperlinks that connects the three pages with each other. In addition, If
required you can connect other websites.
83


 Effective use of Aesthetic choices like Background color, Legible Text, NonClashing Colors etc.
 Consistent design for entire site. All 3 pages should have similar layout, and
design, font etc...
 Appropriate content and information would be interest of the topic that you have
selected.
2. Part -A
You are ready to begin the process of designing a website for your new web design company,
123WebDesign. To get started on your new website, complete the following tasks using
Microsoft Expression Web 4:
a. Create a new site named 123WebDesign. (Site Menu  New Site  General  Empty
site. Save the new site in the Z: drive.
b. Create a new html page.
c. Insert 123 Web Design as the Page heading and Joe Smith as the sub-heading.
d. Format the heading as Heading 1 style, Centre, Font family: Courier New, Courier,
Mono space and Font Color: RGB 128, 0,128.
e. Format the subheading as Heading 2 style, Centre, Font size: large, Font family:
Franklin Gothic Medium, Arial Narrow, Arial, sans-serif and Font Color of your

choice.

f. Insert earth image after the sub heading.
g. Insert 3 interactive buttons on the top of the page with the text About, Skills and

Form.

h. Save the page as Home.html and save all the other files if prompted to the
123WebDesign folder. Preview the home.html page using Internet Explorer. Your
Home page looks like this:

84


Part -B
Create a new html page.
a. Enter the following details :
Joe Smith
123 Main Street
New York, New York 12345
jsmith@emailaddress.com
800-555-1234
Education:



M.S, Computer Science, New York State University, New York
B.S., Computer Science, New York State University, New York

Experience:



Web Design Corporation, Assistant Web Designer, New York
Web Masters Inc., Web Technician, New York

References:



John Masterson, Manager, Web Design Corporation, New York
Brenda Andrews, Supervisor, Web Masters, Inc., New York

b. Format the name and address information to center, bold, font size: large, font color:

#800000.

c. Format the headings Education, Experience, and References as Heading 3 style, font
color #800000, with a bottom border.
d. To make the page more appealing, format the page background to be RGB color 255,

128, 64.

e. Insert smileyface picture after the page heading and make it centre.
f.

Format the picture size to be 250 x 250 pixels. [uncheck keep aspect ratio]

g. Insert a horizontal line after the address paragraph( Bottom Border)
h. Insert 3 interactive buttons on the top of the page with the text Home, Skills and Form.
i.

Save the page as About.html and save all the other files if prompted to the
123WebDesign folder. Preview the page using Internet Explorer/press f12. Your web
page will look like this:

85


Part - C
a. Create a new html page.
b. The page heading is Software Skills.

c. Format the heading as Heading 1 style, Centre , Font family : Courier New, Courier,
Mono space and Font Color: RGB 128,0,128
d. Create a table with 3 rows and 1 column, dark red borders, size 4 that are 600 pixels wide
and 300 pixels high.
e. Centre align the table.
f. The following is included into a cell in the table.
Microsoft Expression Web 4
Microsoft Word 2010
Microsoft Windows 7
g. Set the font size to Large for items in the table.
h. Choose an appropriate light background color for the table.
i.

Insert 3 interactive buttons on the top of the page with the text Home, About and Form.

j.

Create hyperlinks for each of the following items and it is targeted to a new page for each
hyperlink.
o Microsoft Expression Web 4 link:

http://www.microsoft.com/expression/products/StudioWebPro_Overview.as
px

86


o Microsoft Expression Word 2010 link:

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word/Microsoft Expression

o Windows 7 link:

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/default.aspx

k. Save the page as skills.html and save all the other files if prompted to the folder
123WebDesign. Preview the page using Internet Explorer/press f12. Your page will look
like this :

Part – D
a. Open a new HTML page to begin working on form.
b. Insert Credit Card details as heading.

c. Format the heading as Heading 1 style, Centre, Font family: Courier New, Courier,
Mono space and Font Color: RGB 128, 0,128.
d. Create a table (7 rows and 2 column) with the following properties:
a. Width: 800 in pixel
c. Cell spacing: 0
e. Border size: 1
g. Bckground color as‖ #008080‖

87

b. Height: 500 in pixel
d. Cell Padding: 0
f. Border color: Black
h. Center the table.


e. Enter all the items as per the form given below. Follow the guidelines given in question 6
to insert appropriate form controls.
f. Guidelines to insert form controls:
a. To the heading field use the drop down box control and add Mr., Mrs., Ms.,
and Dr. as the items. Mark the option Mr. as selected.
b. To the First name, Last Name, Postal Code, City, country, card number and
expiry date use the input text control.
c. To the dependent details use the Input check box control and do not select
any option.( give any value to the first check box and select the default value to
the other inserted check box
d. Use Text Area control to the field Payment summary.
e. To the file attached field use input file control.
f. Insert two buttons in the last row of the table and change the text as per the form
shown below.
g. Insert 3 interactive buttons on the top of the page with the text Home, Skills and
About.
h. Save the page as CreditCard.html and all the other files to the 123WebDesign folder.
Preview the Creditcard.html page using Internet Explorer. Your form will look like this:

Part- E
a. Create appropriate hyperlinks to navigate to Home, Skills, About and Form pages by
choosing the respective html files that we have created before that are targeted to the

New window.

b. Preview the page by clicking all the navigation buttons in each page. Save all your files and
close web Expression 4.

88


LABORATORY EXERCISES
1. Design the page given below ( Image, Table, Hyperlinks)

Visit http://www.gmail.com and save the picture files.
2. Design the HTML form given below

89


3. Design web page with Layers and Interactive buttons.

Link of each of the button links to the respective college website and will open in a new window.
4. Design the Web Page with frames

90


Click on Question 1 to Open the sample google login page.

Click on Question 2 to Open the form.
Click on Question 3 to Open the Colleges page.

Change the title of Frames page to “Question 4”.
91


REFERENCES
1

http://www.timothytraining.net/learn-how-to-build-a-website-microsoft-expression-webtutorials-training.html

2

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/expression/cc197140.aspx

92


Chapter 4: Advanced Spread Sheets
Objectives
Know about Spread Sheets
Understand about MS Excel 2010
Learn Mathematical functions
Use functions such as those associated with logical, statistical, financial and
mathematical operations.
o Apply advanced formatting options such as conditional formatting and
customized number formatting and handle worksheets.
o
o
o
o

4.1 INTRODUCTION
A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application program for organization and analysis of
information in tabular form. Spreadsheets are focused on providing small and medium sized
businesses with solutions for easy accounting, billing, inventory control and market research.
Modern spreadsheet software can have multiple interacting sheets, and can display data either as
text and numerals, or in graphical form.
Examples of Spreadsheets Include:
 Lotus 1-2-3
 Apple iWork Numbers
 Microsoft Excel
 OpenOffice.org Calc
 Google Docs Spreadsheet
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft as a part of the Microsoft
Office Package. Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid of cells
arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic
operations. It has a set of functions to answer mathematical, statistical, engineering and financial
needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very
limited three-dimensional graphical display.
The excel spreadsheet is useful for "what-if" analysis. In addition to the fundamental operations
of arithmetic and mathematical functions, modern spreadsheets provide built-in functions for
common financial and statistical operations. Spreadsheet programs also provide conditional
expressions, functions to convert between text and numbers, and functions that operate on
strings of text.
93


4.2 MS Excel 2010 Interface

Ms Excel Ribbon






94

Available Columns: A through XFD –
16,384 columns
Available Rows: 1 through 1,048,576
There are over 17 billion cells in each
worksheet!!!!
A cell is the intersection of a column letter
and a row number. The cell address can
be found in the Name Box just above
column A.


4.2.1 Workbooks and Worksheets
 Each Excel file is a Workbook containing one or more Worksheets
 Default setting provides you with three worksheets – you can add or remove as
needed from there
 Worksheets can also be reordered within the file and renamed – you can also copy
or move a worksheet to another workbook (file)
 Several sheets can be used for one project, containing it all in one file, or you can
still use one file for each part of a project, depending on your needs.
4.2.2 Basic Editing
 Click a cell to type into it. After typing, press Enter to move down one cell or
press right arrow key to move to the right one cell.
 To delete the contents of a cell, select the cell, then press Delete on the keyboard
 To replace something in a cell (or cells), select the cell (or cells), then begin typing
the replacement. Or, you can press Delete on the keyboard before typing the
replacement.
 Undo/Repeat the replacement (this works even after the workbook has been
saved)
 Moving/Copying Data:
 Select a cell and choose Cut (to move data) from the Ribbon or choose Copy (to
make a copy of the data)
 Click in a new cell and choose Paste from the Ribbon
Remember – there is always more than one way to accomplish a task (usually two or three
ways) so find what works for you.
4.2.3 Freezing Rows or Columns
When you need to keep the top row or left column in view as you work with a large
amount of data, you can Freeze it so it‘s always visible on the screen (note – this does not
affect printing).
1.Go to View/Freeze Panes
2.Select either Freeze Top Row (freezes row 1) or Freeze First Column (freezes column
A)
To unfreeze, select Unfreeze Panes
4.2.4 Hide / Unhide
When you need to keep the rows or columns not to seen as you work with a large
amount of data, you can Hide it so it‘s always hide on the screen
1.Select the columns
95


2.Right Click > Hide
3. Select Columns > Unhide
4.2.4Using Formulas and Functions
Formulas
Excel can handle calculations – from very simple summing (adding) to very complicated
multi-formula calculations





Excel uses Formulas to perform calculations
All formulas begin with = (the equals sign, next to Backspace key on the keyboard)
Functions make complicated formulas easy to use and they can be placed into formulas
The most common function is SUM, which calculates a list (either across or down) of
numbers.

96


4.3 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS

4.3.1 ROMAN / RAND / PI

ROMAN
In Microsoft Excel, the ROMAN function converts a number to roman numeral.
The syntax for the ROMAN function is: ROMAN( number, type ) number is the number
that you wish to convert to roman numeral and type is optional.



Negative or a positive number greater than 3999 fetches error for ROMAN

RAND
The RAND function returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less
than 1. The RAND function returns a new random number each time your spreadsheet
recalculates.The syntax for the RAND function is: RAND( )

PI
In Microsoft Excel, the PI function returns the mathematical constant called pi, which is
3.1415926535.
The syntax for the PI function is: PI( )
=PI() * A1 would return 59.69026042
=PI() / A2 would return 0.184799568
=PI() + A3 would return -9.858407346

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4.3.2 . ABS, SIGN, EVEN, ODD, INT
ABS
ABS function returns the absolute value of a number.The syntax for the ABS function is:
ABS( number ) where number is a numeric value.
=ABS(A2)
would return 2.9
=ABS(A3)
would return 3
=ABS(-4.5)
would return 4.5
=ABS(-210.67) would return 210.67
=ABS(5)
would return 5

SIGN
The SIGN function returns the sign of a number. If the number is positive, the SIGN
function will return 1. If the number is negative, the SIGN function will return -1. If the
number is 0, the SIGN function will return 0.The syntax for the SIGN function is:
SIGN( number )
where number is the number that you wish to return the sign
for.
=SIGN(A2) would return 0
=SIGN(A3) would return -1
=SIGN(0)
would return 0
=SIGN(2012) would return 1
=SIGN(-2012) would return -1

EVEN
The EVEN function rounds a number up to the nearest even integer. If the number is
negative, the number is rounded away from zero. The syntax for the EVEN function is:
EVEN( number )
where number is a numeric value.
=EVEN(A2) would return 4
=EVEN(A3) would return -4
=EVEN(6121) would return 6122

98


ODD
The ODD function rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer. If the number is
negative, the number is rounded away from zero.The syntax for the ODD function is:
ODD( number )
where number is a numeric value.
=ODD(A2) would return 3
=ODD(A3) would return -3
=ODD(7) would return 7
=ODD(8) would return 9

INT
The INT function returns the integer portion of a number. The syntax for the INT
function is: INT( expression ) where expression is a numeric expression whose integer
portion is returned.
 If the expression is negative, the INT function will return the first negative
number that is less than or equal to the expression.
=INT(A2) would return 2
=INT(A3) would return -3
=INT(-4.5) would return -5

4.2.3 PRODUCT, QUOTIENT, SQRT, FACT, MOD
PRODUCT
In Microsoft Excel, the PRODUCT function multiplies the numbers and returns the
product.
The syntax for the PRODUCT function is: PRODUCT( number1, number2, ... number_n
)
where number1, number2, ... number_n are the numbers to multiply together. There can
be up to 30 numbers entered.

=PRODUCT(A1, A2, A3)
would return 54
=PRODUCT(A1, A2, A3, A4)
would return -366.12
=PRODUCT(A1, A2, A3, A4, -2) would return 732.24

99


SQRT
In Microsoft Excel, the SQRT function returns the square root of a number.
The syntax for the SQRT function is: SQRT( number )
where number is a positive
number that you wish to return the square root for.
 If a negative number is entered in the number parameter, the SQRT function will
return the #NUM! error.
=SQRT(A2) would return 5.796550698
=SQRT(A3) would return #NUM!
=SQRT(82.6) would return 9.088454214

QUOTIENT
The QUOTIENT function returns the integer portion of a division. Use this function
when you want to discard the remainder of a division. The syntax for the QUOTIENT
function is: QUOTIENT(numerator,denominator) Where Numerator is the dividend and
Denominator is the divisor.
 If either argument is nonnumeric, QUOTIENT returns the #VALUE! error
value.
=QUOTIENT(5, 2) would return
=QUOTIENT(4.5, 3.1) would return 1
=QUOTIENT(-10, 3) would return -3

2

FACT
The FACT function returns the factorial of a number. The syntax for the FACT
function is: FACT( number ) where number is a numeric value.
=FACT(A2) would return 6
=FACT(A3) would return 1
=FACT(A4) would return #NUM!
=FACT(4) would return 24

100


MOD Function
The MOD function returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor.
The syntax for the MOD function is: MOD( number, divisor ) where number is a numeric
value whose remainder you wish to find and divisor is the number used to divide the
number parameter.
 If the divisor is 0, then the MOD function will return the #DIV/0! Error.
=MOD(A1, A3) would return -7
=MOD(34, A2) would return 0
=MOD(34, 0) would return #DIV/0!

4.3.4 SUMIF, SUMPRODUCT
SUMIF
The SUMIF function adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given criteria.
The syntax for the SUMIF function is: SUMIF( range, criteria, [sum_range] ) where range
is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against, criteria is used to determine
which cells to add and sum_range is optional.

=SUMIF(A:A, D2, C:C)
would return 218.6
=SUMIF(A2:A6, 2003, C2:C6)
would return 7.2
=SUMIF(A2:A6, ">=2001", C2:C6) would return 12.6

SUMPRODUCT
The SUMPRODUCT function multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and
returns the sum of the results.The syntax for the SUMPRODUCT function is:
SUMPRODUCT( array1, [array2, ... array_n] )
where array1, array2, ... array_n are the
ranges of cells or arrays that you wish to multiply. All arrays must have the same number
of rows and columns. You must enter at least 2 arrays and you can have up to 30 arrays.
 If all arrays provided as parameters do not have the same number of rows and
columns, the SUMPRODUCT function will return the #VALUE! error.
101


o If there are non-numeric values in the arrays, these values are treated as 0's by the
SUMPRODUCT function.

4.3.5 CEILING, MROUND, ,ROUND, ROUNDDOWN, ROUNDUP
CEILING
The CEILING function returns a number rounded up based on a multiple of
significance.
The syntax for the CEILING function is: CEILING( number, significance )
where
number is the number that you wish to round up. And significance is the multiple of
significance that you wish to round a number to.
 If the sign of the number and the significance parameters are different, the
CEILING function will return the #NUM! Error.
=CEILING(A1, 0.05)
=CEILING(210.63, 0.05)
=CEILING(A2, 2)
=CEILING(-4.5, -1)

would return 210.7
would return 210.65
would return 4
would return -5

ROUND
In Microsoft Excel, the ROUND function returns a number rounded to a specified
number of digits.
The syntax for the ROUND function is: ROUND( number, digits ) where number is the
number to round and digits is the number of digits to round the number to.
=ROUND(A1, 1) would return 662.8
=ROUND(A2, -1)would return 50
=ROUND(55.1, -1)would return 60
=ROUND(-23.67, 1)would return 23.7

102


MROUND
The MROUND function returns a number
rounded to the desired multiple.The syntax for
the
MROUND
function
is:
MROUND(number,multiple)
where Number is
the value to round and Multiple is the multiple to =MROUND(10, 3) would return 9
which you want to round number.
=MROUND(-10, -3) would return -9
=MROUND(1.3, 0.2) would return 1.4
 MROUND rounds up, away from zero,
if the remainder of dividing number by =MROUND(5, -2) would return #NUM!
multiple is greater than or equal to half the value of multiple.

ROUNDDOWN
The ROUNDDOWN function returns a number rounded down to a specified number
of digits. (Always rounds towards 0.) The syntax for the ROUNDDOWN function is:
ROUNDDOWN( number, digits ) where number is the number to round down and digits is
the number of digits to round the number down to.

=ROUNDDOWN(A1, 1)
would return 662.7
=ROUNDDOWN(A2, -1) would return 50
=ROUNDDOWN(55.1, -1) would return 50
=ROUNDDOWN(-23.67, 1) would return -23.6
ROUNDUP
The ROUNDUP function returns a number rounded up to a specified number of
digits. (Rounds away from 0.)
The syntax for the ROUNDUP function is: ROUNDUP (number, digits )
where
number is the number to round up and digits is the number of digits to round the number
up to
=ROUNDUP(A1, 1)
would return 662.8
=ROUNDUP(A2, -1) would return 60
=ROUNDUP(55.1, -1) would return 60
=ROUNDUP(-23.62, 1) would return -23.7

103


Activity

4.4 STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
4.3.1. COUNTA, COUNTBLANK, COUNTIF
COUNTA
The COUNTA function counts the number of cells that are not empty as well as the
number of arguments that contain values.
The syntax for the COUNTA function is:
COUNTA( argument1, [argument2, ...
argument_n] )
where argument1, argument2, ... argument_n are either ranges of cells or
values. There can be up to 30 arguments.
=COUNTA(A1:A6, 129)
=COUNTA(A1:A6, 129, "hi ")
=COUNTA(A1:A6, 129, "hi", -2)

104

would return 5
would return 6
would return 7


COUNTBLANK
The COUNTBLANK function counts the number of empty cells in a range.The syntax
for the COUNTBLANK function is: COUNTBLANK( range )
where range is the
range of cells to count empty cells.

=COUNTBLANK(A1:A7) would return 3
=COUNTBLANK(A1:B3) would return 4

COUNTIF
The COUNTIF function counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a given
criteria.
The syntax for the COUNTIF function is: COUNTIF( range, criteria )
where range is
the range of cells that you want to count based on the criteria and criteria is used to
determine which cells to count.

=COUNTIF(A:A, C2)
would return 1
=COUNTIF(A1:A6, ">=2001") would return 4

4.4.2. MAX, MIN, MODE, MEDIAN
MAX
The MAX function returns the largest value from the numbers provided.
The syntax for the MAX function is: MAX( number1, [number2, ... number_n] ) where
number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges,
arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.
105


=MAX(A3, A5, 45) would return 45
=MAX(A2:A6)
would return 200
=MAX(A2:A6, 325) would return 325

MIN
The MIN function returns the smallest value from the numbers provided.
The syntax for the MIN function is: MIN( number1, number2, ... number_n )
where
number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named ranges,
arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.
=MIN(A2, A3)
would return 7.2
=MIN(A3, A5, -3) would return -3
=MIN(A2:A6)
would return 5.4
=MIN(A2:A6, 3.6) would return 3.6

MEDIAN
The MEDIAN function returns the median of the numbers provided.
The syntax for the MEDIAN function is: MEDIAN( number1, [number2, ... number_n])
where number1, number2, ... number_n are numeric values - they can be numbers, named
ranges, arrays, or references to numbers. There can be up to 30 values entered.

=MEDIAN(A3, A5, 45)
would return 7.2
=MEDIAN(A2:A6)
would return 8.1
=MEDIAN(1, 3, 13, 14, 15) would return 13

106


MODE
In Microsoft Excel, the MODE function returns the most frequently occurring, or
repetitive, value in an array or range of data.
The syntax for the MODE function is: MODE(number1,number2,...)
where number1,
number2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want to calculate the mode.
 If the data set contains no duplicate data points, MODE returns the #N/A error
value.

=MODE(A3, A5, 45) would return #N/A
=MODE(A3:A6)
would return 4
=MODE(1,1,2,2,3,3,3) would return 3

Activity

107


4.5 LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
4.5.1 TRUE / FALSE
Conditions are expressed using Logical functions and uses operators such as > , < etc.
They always return a value True or False.
Eg: 10 > 5 is True ; 8 < 3 is False. ; 10=10 is True

4.5.2 AND/OR/NOT
The AND function returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE. It returns FALSE if any
of the conditions are FALSE.
Eg:( 10>4) AND (10<20) is TRUE ;
AND (12 < 100) is FALSE

(6<8) AND (3>4)

is FALSE;

(7<4)

The OR function returns TRUE if at least one conditions is TRUE. It returns FALSE if all
conditions are FALSE.
Eg: ( 10>4) OR (10<20) is TRUE; (6<8) OR (3>4) is TRUE;
(7<4) OR (12 < 100) is FALSE
108


The NOT function returns the opposite value of the logical value.
Eg: NOT (10>4) is FALSE; NOT (3>4) is TRUE

4.5.3 IF / NESTED IF
The IF function checks a condition and if TRUE returns one value or if FALSE returns
another value.
if(10>6)
Eg: if(10>6 , ―ok‖ , ―not ok‖)

write in cell ―ok‖
else
write in cell ―not ok

Nested IF :- It is possible to nest multiple IF functions within one Excel formula. You
can nest up to 7 IF functions to create a complex IF THEN ELSE statement.
IF( 10>5, 6, IF(7<4, 5, 9) ) here inner if evaluates to 9 and final answer is 6
IF( 10<4, 6, IF(7>4, 5, 9) ) here inner if evaluates to 5 and final answer is 5

109


Activity
Sl No.
1
2
3
4
5

Employee Name
Akbar
Ahmed
Nadeem
Saleh
Sujaat

Basic
8000
10000
10000
3700
7000

HRA
DA
1500
500
2000
0
2000
1000
500
500
700
200
No. of Taxable Yes
MAX total
MODE total

TA
100
100
100
200
200

Total

Taxable

Calculate Total = Basic + HRA + DA + TA.
Calculate Taxable.
 Taxable = ―Yes‖ if Total>=12000
 Taxable = ―No‖ if Total<12000
Count No. of Taxable = ―Yes‖.
Calculate MAX value in the total.
Calculate MODE value of the Total Column.

110


4.6 LOOKUP AND REFERENCE
4.6.1 ROW, COLUMN
These functions will return a number value of the row or the column of the cell
referenced. =ROW(A4) will return 4 and = COLUMN(C5) will return 3 .
4.6.2 LOOKUP
This function returns a value from a range (one row or one column). Lookup range is a
single row or single column of data that is sorted in ascending order. If the data you are
looking for is lesser than the first element no value is returned. If the data searched is not
available, the next smallest value is used as index.

4.7 DATE AND TIME
When using date and time the individual cells should be formatted to hold date
and time values.
In excel the date is visible in the formula bar as month/day/year. In the cell it can be
expressed in many ways. Eg: 4/29/2005
4.7.1 TODAY AND NOW
Two functions which returns today‘s date & today‘s date with time. Given a month, day
and year Date function will create it in date format

111


Activity
Format Dateofbirth to have the value date

4.7.2 MONTH, DAY, YEAR, WEEKDAY AND WEEKNUM
Month, Day and year functions will return month, day and year respectively of a certain
date.
Weekday and Weeknum will return the week day and week num respectively. Weekday
is from 1-7 and weeknum is calculated from Jan first as week 1 and Febfirst as week 6.

112


4.7.3 TIME, HOUR, MINUTE AND SECOND
Given an hour, minute and second Time function will create the time.
Hour, minute and second function will return hour, minute and second of a
certain time.

CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter gives a detailed description about the advanced function in MS Excel. The
functions discussed here in various sections helps a student to use them in formula for
computation using excel sheets. The examples given along with each function helps one
to understand about the working of it quickly.
ADDITIONAL SOURCES
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/training-courses-for-excel-2013HA104032083.aspx

113


ASSIGNMENTS
1.

Make this excel sheet and using formula find the following
Age (cells I6-I12), Total Marks(J6-J11) , Highest total marks in class(C15), lowest mark in
English (C17), how many failed in Arabic (C19) , how many got distinction (C21)and average
age (C23).
2. Create an excel sheet as follows. Enter the data for 15 students. The first two are sample
data.

Total (I6..I20)is sum of Labwork, assignment, quiz , midterm and finalexam.
Grade (J6..J20)is calculated as follows.
0-40
F
41-50
D
51-60
C
61-70
B
71-80
A81-90
A
91-100
A+
114


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