1. 1. Tangshan, China
July 28, 1976
242,419 killed
2. Nanshan, China
May 22, 1927
200,000 killed
3. Kansu, China
Dec. 16, 1920
180,000 killed
4. Messina, Italy
Dec. 28, 1908
160,000 killed
5. Tokyo/Yokohama, Japan
Sept. 1, 1923
142,807 killed
6. Kansu, China
Dec. 25, 1932
70,000 killed
7. Yungay, Peru
May 31, 1970
66,800 killed
8. Quetta, India
May 30, 1935
50,000-60,000 killed
9. Armenia
Dec. 7, 1988
over 55,000 killed
10. Iran
June 21, 1990
over 40,000 killed
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2. 1. The Tongass National Forest located in Southeastern Alaska - largest intact coastal
temperate rainforest in the world.
2. The Hoh Rainforest - famous moss covered rainforest inside Olympic National Park,
Washington.
3. Amazonia, also called the Amazon Rainforest - located within nine nations in the
Amazon Basin of South America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia,
Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana).
4. Lacandon jungle located in Chiapas, Mexico - Mexico's last remaining significant
rainforest.
5. Monteverde Cloud Forest - Costa Rica
6. The Congo Rainforest - famous for its gorillas, chimpanzees, and elephants as well as its
native population of forest dwellers known as pygmies. Rainforests in the Congo are
disappearing faster than forests anywhere else in the world
7. Daintree Rainforest located in North Queensland Australia - The area is home to the
greatest concentration of plant species that are rare, or threatened with extinction, anywhere
in the world.
8. Kayan Mentarang National Park located in Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia - contains
the largest unbroken stretch of protected rainforest in Borneo.
9. Sagano Bamboo Forest, Kyoto, Japan
11. Khao Sok National Park, Thailand - rainforest is 160 million years old and thought
to be the oldest rainforest on Earth.
The Importance of Forests
• Forest cool air temperature by release of water vapor into the air.
• At day time trees generate oxygen and store carbon dioxide, which helps to clean air.
• Forest attracts wild life and offer food and protection to them.
• Forests offer privacy, reduce light reflection, offer a sound barrier and help guide wind
direction and speed.
• Trees offer artistic functions such as creating a background, framing a view,
complementing architecture, and so on.
• Well managed forests supply higher quality water with less impurity than water from other
resources.
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3. • Some forests raise total water stream, but this is not true for all forests
• Forests help in controlling the level floods.
• Forest provides different kind of wood which are used for different purposes like making of
furniture, paper, and pencils and so on.
• Forest help in giving the direction of wind and its speed.
• Forest helps in keeping environment healthy and beautiful.
• Forests also minimize noise pollution.
• Forest helps the scientist to invent new medicine as forest has different kind or plants and
herb.
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4. In Pakistan the pollution problems have been rising since it got its independence. Very few
people have concern about the negative effects of pollution on themselves as well as their
environment. Hence this problem is increasing day by day which may lead in the destruction of
our natural environment as well as our own.
. Water Pollution: this is a major problem in Pakistan. There are many sources of water
pollution in Pakistan. Most of them are found in Karachi as it is an area of industries. Although
it is a government policy to filter the industrial water and then release it into the sea many
industries here are dumping contaminated water in seas thereby increasing the threat of
extinction of marine life as well as polluting the water. Almost the whole of city’s sewerage is
dumped into rivers and the sea. As a result of this Karachi is facing many problems in the
access of clean water and most parts of the city are still without water. Even in my home we
get 2 small tankers weekly as there is no water in the supply. The oil spill incident has
increased the amount of pollution in the sea as well as has caused most of the beaches to be
polluted. It is said that the oil spill disaster from Tasman Spirit has killed hundreds and
thousands of fishes as well as destroyed much of the marine life. It has also caused eye
infections and respiratory problems to those living near the sea. Further leakages in pipelines
have polluted the clean water which we have so little of.
)The factory waste should be first filtered and then disposed properly into sea or river. If this is
not done, then the government should take legal action against them.
b)Instead of using clean water, we can use the filtered industrial water for flushing toilets,
watering the plants and washing the cars.
c)The government should ask the local citizens for proper beach cleaning once in a year.
Besides it should also fine those people who throw their waste into the sea or river.
d)There must be a regular cleaning of all the canals and channels by the government workers.
e) The government should pass strict environmental laws concerning oil spill
f)We must all cooperate with one another to save our marine life as much as possible.
What You Can Do
Oceans need our help to stay healthy. And no matter where you live, you need healthy oceans
to support your daily life – air to breathe, food to eat, places to work and play. With your
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5. support, we can change the course for our oceans and coasts and the people who depend on
them. Even small changes can make a difference. Here's how you can help:
Reduce your plastic consumption
The most frequently collected items during beach cleanups are made of plastic — think
reusable shopping bags, water bottles and utensils.
Make informed seafood choices
Use Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch or text Blue Ocean’s FishPhone to help you
choose sustainable seafood at the grocery store or a restaurant.
Dispose of chemicals properly
Never pour chemicals, pharmaceuticals, oil or paint into the drain or toilets. Check with your
county’s household hazardous waste program to properly dispose of or recycle chemicals and
keep them out of rivers and oceans.
Choose green detergents and household cleaners—or make your own
Besides being better for your own health, these products are safer for the environment since
what goes down the drain can end up in our oceans.
Get the dirt on your beachside retreat
Before you stay in a hotel on the coast, ask staff what happens to their sewage and swimming
pool water, and if they source their restaurant fish from sustainable sources.
Find out the source of your food
Buying local, organic food reduces your carbon footprint, supports the local economy and
reduces the amount of pesticides and fertilizers that end up not just in your stomach, but as run-
off in rivers and oceans, too.
Fill your yard with native species
Reducing the amount of grass in your lawn by planting native shrubs and flower beds will
provide a better habitat for birds and other wildlife and require far less water and fertilizer,
which can seep into the oceans.
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