Masteral reporting

1. ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
Nursing 005
Mary Ann Adiong, RN, USRN - Masterand
University of Bohol
Graduate School & Professional Studies Department
Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines

2. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this report, the student should be able to:
1. Discuss the definition of organizational structure
2. Describe formal and informal organizational structures
3. Identify the organizational concepts
4. Describe the differences between centralized and
decentralized structures
5. Discuss the organizational chart and types of organizational
charts
6. Explain the relationship between responsibility and authority
under ideal circumstances

3.  Organizational structure refers to the way in which
a group is formed, its lines of communication, and
its means for channeling authority and making
decisions.
 It clarifies the formal relationships of individuals
in the various positions within the organization

5. IMPORTANCE OF
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 It enables members to know what their
responsibilities
 It frees the manager and the individual workers to
concentrate on their respective roles and
responsibilities
 It coordinates all organization activities so there is
minimal duplication of effort or conflict.
 Avoids overlapping of function because it pinpoints
responsibilities.
 Shows to whom and for whom they are
responsible

6.  Divides work to be done in specific jobs & dept.
 Assigns tasks and responsibilities associated with
individual jobs.
 Coordinates diverse organizational tasks.
 Establishes relationship b/w individuals, groups
and departments.
 Establishes formal lines of authority.
 Allocates organizational resources.
 Clusters jobs into units.

7. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIP
1. FORMAL RELATIONS
2. INFORMAL RELATIONS

8. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIP
1. FORMAL RELATIONS
 Formal structure, through departmentalization and work
division, provides a framework for defining managerial
authority, responsibility and accountability

9. Formal Structure
Should
not be
flexible
Channeled
individual and
group efforts
Well
defined
jobs
Formal
Organization Definite
authority /
responsibility

10. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIP
2. INFORMAL RELATIONS
 Informal structure is generally social, with blurred or
shifting lines of authority and accountability.
 It also has its own channels of communication, which
may distribute information more broadly and rapidly
than the formal communication system.

11. Informal Structure
flexible
Loosely
organized
ill defined
Informal
organization
Structure (membership),
communication networks
(“grapevine”), and relationships
behaviors and norms) do not
necessarily follow those of
the formal organization.
SpontaneousSpontaneous
A network of personal / social
relationships, not established, required
by FORMAL organization but arising
spontaneously

12. 1. Tall or Centralized Organizational Structure
2. Flat or Decentralized Organizational Structure

13. • Large, complex organizations often require a taller
hierarchy.
• In its simplest form, a tall structure results in one
long chain of command similar to the military.
• As an organization grows, the number of
management levels increases and the structure
grows taller. In a tall structure, managers form
many ranks and each has a small area of control.

14. ADVANTAGES:
1. The quality of performance will
improve due to close supervision.
2. Discipline will improve.
3. Superior - Subordinate relations will
improve.
4. Control and Supervision will become
easy and convenient.
5. The manager gets more time to plan
and organise the future activities.
6. The efforts of subordinates can be
easily coordinated.
7. Tall Organisation encourages
development of staff.
8. There is mutual trust between
superior and subordinates
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Tall Organisation creates many levels
of management.
2. There are many delays and distortion
in communication.
3. Decisions and actions are delayed.
4. It is very costly because there are
many managers. The managers are
paid high salaries.
5. It is difficult to coordinate the activities
of different levels.
6. There is strict supervision. So the
subordinates do not have any
freedom.
7. Tall Organisation is not suitable for
routine and standardised jobs.
8. Here, managers may became more
dominating.

15. • Flat structures have fewer management levels, with
each level controlling a broad area or group.
• Flat organizations focus on empowering employees
rather than adhering to the chain of command.
• By encouraging autonomy and self-direction, flat
structures attempt to tap into employees’ creative
talents and to solve problems by collaboration.

16. ADVANTAGES
1. Flat Organization is less costly
because it has only few
managers.
2. It creates fewer levels of
management.
3. Quick decisions and actions
can be taken because it has
only a few levels of
management.
4. Fast and clear communication
is possible among these few
levels of management.
5. Subordinates are free from
close and strict supervision
and control.
6. It is more suitable for routine
and standardized activities.
7. Superiors may not be too
dominating because of large
numbers of subordinates.
DISADVANTAGES
1. There are chances of loose control
because there are many subordinates
under one manager.
2. The discipline in the organization may be
bad due to loose control.
3. The relations between the superiors and
subordinates may be bad. Close and
informal relations may not be possible.
4. There may be problems of team work
because there are many subordinates
under one manager.
5. Flat organization structure may create
problems of coordination between various
subordinates.
6. Efficient and experienced superiors are
required to manage a large number of
subordinates.
7. It may not be suitable for complex
activities.
8. The quality of performance may be bad

17. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Organizational chart is a line drawing that shows
how the parts of an organization are linked.
The organization chart establishes the following:
 Formal lines of authority—the official power to act
 Responsibility—the duty or assignment
 Accountability—the moral responsibility

18. 1. AUTHORITY is defined as the official power to act. It is
power given by the organization to direct the work of others.
Example: A manager may have the authority to hire, fire, or
discipline others.
2. A RESPONSIBILITY is a duty or an assignment. It is
the implementation of a job.
For example, a responsibility common to many charge nurses is
establishing the unit’s daily patient care assignment
ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS:

19. 3. DELEGATION is the process of assigning duties
or responsibilities along with corresponding authority
to another person. Authority must be delegated with
the responsibility.
4. ACCOUNTABILITY means that individuals
agree to be morally responsible for the consequences of
their actions.
Example: A nurse who reports a medication error is being
accountable for the responsibilities inherent in the position.

20. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
 Division of Labor/Work
 Chain of Command
 Span of control
 Unity of command
 Authority

21. DIVISION OF LABOR/WORK
Subdivision of work into separate jobs assigned to different
people
Potentially increases work efficiency
Necessary as company grows and work becomes more complex
CHAIN OF COMMAND
It is a formal line of authority and communication within the
organization and the structure. demonstrates who formally
reports to whom within the organization. The vertical lines in
the chart represent chain of command.
UNITY OF COMMAND
The concept of unity of command is that each person on the
organization chart has one manager or one boss.

22. SPAN OF CONTROL
Span of control means the number of individuals a person
is responsible for managing. A wide span of control
indicates that many people are reporting to a manager, and
a narrow span of control indicates that only a few people
are reporting to the manager.
AUTHORITY
The rights inherent in a managerial position to tell people
what to do and expect them to do it.

23. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
CHARTS
1. Vertical charts
 It shows high-level management at the top with formal
lines of authority down the hierarchy, are most common.
2. A left-to-right (horizontal) charts:
 It shows the high-level management at the left with
lower positions to the right. Shows relative length of
formal lines of authority, helps simplify understanding
the lines of authority and responsibility.
3. Circular charts
 It shows the high-level management in the center with
successive positions in circles. It shows the outward flow
of formal authority from the high-level management. It
reduces status implications.

24. VERTICAL CHART

25. CIRCULAR CHART

26. A LEFT-TO-RIGHT (HORIZONTAL)
CHART

27. ADVANTAGES OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL CHART:
1. It provides a quick visual illustration of the organizational structure.
2. It provides help in organizational planning.
3. It shows lines of formal authority, responsibility and accountability.
4. It clarifies who supervises whom and to whom one is responsible.
5. It emphasizes the important aspect of each position.
6. It facilitates management development and training.
7. It is used to evaluate strengths and weakness of current structure.
8. It provides starting points for planning organizational changes.
9. It describes channels of communication.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Charts become outdated quickly.
2. Does not show informal relationship.
3. Does not show duties and responsibilities.
4. Poorly prepared charts might create misleading effects.

28. STANDARDS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION STANDARDS
1. Line authority relationships are clearly delineated and
defined by the organizational and/or functional charts
and policies;
2. Staff authority relationships are clearly delineated and
defined by the organizational and /or functional charts
and policies;
3. Functional authority relations are clearly delineated and
defined by the organizational and /or functional charts
and policies;
4. Staff personnel consult with, advise and provide counsel
to line personnel;
5. Service personnel functions are clearly understood by
line and staff personnel;