I put on my mink and wizard behat (tutorial)

I put on my
mink and
wizard behat
Questing in the world of
front end testing

9:30 Setup
9:45 Introduction to Front End Testing
10:15 We write some tests
10:45 Coffee break
11:00 I talk about some more advanced stuff
11:30 We write some more tests
12:15 We attempt a grid
12:30 Q&A
12:45 End
Schedule
100% chance of incorrectness

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
192.168.56.101 opencfp.dev
# copy T9AG1x and T9AG1x_*
$ cd T9AG1x
$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh
$ cd /var/www/opencfp
$ sh run.sh
Setup for Practical
Vagrant
$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
10.41.6.62 opencfp.dev
# copy just T9AG1x/opencfp
$ cd opencfp
$ php vendor/behat/behat/bin/behat
No Vagrant

Booking.com
@thomas_shone
W
E
AR
E
H
IR
IN
G

Meet The Team
Don’t feed the druid after midnight

Task
Each test has a different approach

The glue
Behat
(cucumber syntax)
Mink
(browser emulation)
Goutte
(web driver)
Selenium
(web driver)
Zombie
(web driver)
Guzzle
(curl)
Selenium RC
(java)
Zombie.js
(node.js)

Feature: Party harmony
As a leader, I want to ensure harmony and mutual trust, so that
we work as a team
Scenario: Teach members to respect others’ property
Given that the Wizard has 10 cookies
And the Bard eats 1 cookie
Then the Bard mysteriously catches fire
Cucumber Syntax
Readable testing language

class FeatureContext … {
/**
* @Given that the wizard has :num cookies
*/
public function wizardHasCookies($num) {
// $this->wizard is a pre-existing condition... like syphilis
$this->wizard->setNumberOfCookies($num);
}
}
and converts it into
FeatureContext.php

we work as a team
Cucumber Syntax
What’s missing?

Scenario:
Given that the wizard has 10 cookies
Fire spell fizzled (OutOfManaException)
1 scenario (1 failed)
2 steps (1 passed, 1 failed)
0m0.03s (14.19Mb)
Remember {P} C {Q}
Set your starting states

we work as a team
Background:
The Wizard’s fire spell is fully charged
And the Bard is currently not on fire
Remember {P} C {Q}
Set your starting states

???
As a leader, I want to ensure harmony and
mutual trust, so that we work as a team

User stories
As a <role>, I want to <desire> so that
<benefit>

Front end testing is code coverage for your user stories
User stories
Coverage
Features are your contract with the stakeholders
Contract
Scenarios are the use cases that outline the user story
Scenarios

Legend has it...
… that someone once convinced their PO to
write all their front end tests.

class MinkContext … {
/**
* Clicks link with specified id|title|alt|text.
*
* @When /^(?:|I )follow "(?P<link>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
*/
public function clickLink($link) {
$link = $this->fixStepArgument($link);
$this->getSession()->getPage()->clickLink($link);
}
}
Mink provides...
MinkContext.php

OK...
Lets drop the metaphor and get to actual
code

$ composer require behat/behat="~3.0,>=3.0.5"
Getting started
$ composer require behat/mink-extension="~2.0"
Behat (cucumber syntax)
Mink (browser emulator)
Web drivers
$ composer require behat/mink-goutte-driver="~1.0"
$ composer require behat/mink-selenium2-driver="~1.2"
PR
AC
TIC
AL

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --init
+d features - place your *.feature files here
+d features/bootstrap - place your context classes here
+f features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php - place your definitions,
transformations and hooks here
Initialize
Create a new test suite
PR
AC
TIC
AL

use BehatMinkExtensionContextMinkContext;
class FeatureContext extends MinkContext … {
…
}
Context
FeatureContext.php
PR
AC
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default:
suites:
default:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/ ]
contexts: [ FeatureContext ]
extensions:
BehatMinkExtension:
base_url: "[your website]"
sessions:
default:
goutte: ~
Configuration
behat.yml
PR
AC
TIC
AL

Feature: Authentication and authorisation
As a security conscious developer I wish to ensure that only
valid users can access our website.
Scenario: Attempt to login with invalid details
Given I am on "/login"
When I fill in "email" with "some@guy.com"
And I fill in "password" with "invalid"
And I press "Login"
Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
Our first feature
auth.feature
PR
AC
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$ ./vendor/bin/behat --config behat.yml features/auth.feature
Scenario: Attempt to login with an invalid account
Given I am on "/login"
And I fill in "password" with "invalid"
And I press "Login"
1 scenarios (1 passed)
5 steps (5 passed)
Victory
output
PR
AC
TIC
AL

Scenario: Attempt to login with invalid details
Given I login as "some@guy.com" with password "invalid"
Simplify
auth.feature
PR
AC
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AL

Given I login as "bob@smith.com" with password "invalid"
1 scenario (1 undefined)
/**
* @Given I login as :arg1 with password :arg2
*/
public function iLoginAsWithPassword($arg1, $arg2) {
throw new PendingException();
}
Simplify
output
PR
AC
TIC
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/**
* @Given I login as :username with password :password
*/
public function iLoginAsWithPassword($username, $password) {
$this->visit("/login");
$this->fillField("email", $username);
$this->fillField("password", $password);
$this->pressButton("Login");
}
}
Simplify
FeatureContext.php
PR
AC
TIC
AL

Given I login as "bob@smith.com" with password "invalid"
1 scenarios (1 passed)
2 steps (2 passed)
Simplify
output
PR
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// Manipulate the current web session
$session = $this->getSession();
$session->visit($url);
$session->setBasicAuth($user, $password = '');
$session->setRequestHeader($name, $value);
$session->setCookie($name, $value = null);
$session->getCookie($name);
$session->getCurrentUrl();
$session->reload();
$session->back();
Session
BehatMinkSession
SID
E
N
O
TE

Page
// Navigate and manipulate the current page in a selector style
$page = $this->getSession()->getPage();
$page->find($selectorType, $selector); // 'css', '.class-name'
$page->findById($id);
$page->hasLink($locator);
$page->clickLink($locator);
$page->fillField($locator, $value);
$page->hasSelect($locator);
$page->selectFieldOption($locator, $value, $multiple = false);
$page->hasTable($locator);
BehatMinkElementDocumentElement
SID
E
N
O
TE

Driver
// Access the web driver directly via xpaths
$driver = $this->getSession()->getDriver();
$xpath = '//html/body/table/thead/tr/th[first()]'
$driver->blur($xpath);
$driver->focus($xpath);
$driver->mouseOver($xpath);
$driver->isVisible($xpath);
$driver->dragTo($sourceXpath, $destinationXpath);
// Modifier could be 'ctrl', 'alt', 'shift' or 'meta'
$driver->keyPress($xpath, $char, $modifier = null);
BehatMinkDriverDriverInterface
SID
E
N
O
TE

Scenario: Attempt to register a new user
Given I am on "/signup"
And I fill in "password" with "valid"
And I fill in "password2" with "valid"
And I fill in "first_name" with "some"
And I fill in "last_name" with "guy"
And I press "Create my speaker profile"
Then I should see "You’ve successfully created your account"
Our first hurdle
This ones easy, you do…. oh….
PR
AC
TIC
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Migration and seeding
Doctrine, Propel, Laravel, Phinx

$ composer require robmorgan/phinx="~0.4"
Phinx to the rescue
Install
$ php vendor/bin/phinx init
Phinx by Rob Morgan - https://phinx.org. version 0.4.3
Created ./phinx.xml
Configuration
$ php vendor/bin/phinx create InitialMigration
Creating
SID
E
N
O
TE

#!/usr/bin/env bash
DATABASE="opencfp"
mysql -e "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS $DATABASE" -uroot -p123
mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE $DATABASE" -uroot -p123
vendor/bin/phinx migrate
vendor/bin/behat
It’s a bit extreme
run-behat-test.sh
PR
AC
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SAVEPOINT identifier;
# Run tests
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT identifier;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier;
Transaction/Rollback
Roll your own solution

Activation emails?
smtp-sink, FakeSMTP, etc

# Stop the currently running service
sudo service postfix stop
# Dumps outgoing emails to file as "day.hour.minute.second"
smtp-sink -d "%d.%H.%M.%S" localhost:2500 1000 &
vendor/bin/behat
smtp-sink
run-behat-test.sh

Or….
you could just read the activation code from
the database directly

class DatabaseContext {
public function __construct($dsn, $user, $pass) {
$this->dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);
}
/**
* @When /^there is no user called :user$/
*/
public function removeUser($user) {
$this->dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM `users` WHERE username=?")
->query([$user]);
}
}
A new context
DatabaseContext.php
SID
E
N
O
TE

default:
suites:
default:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/ ]
contexts:
- FeatureContext
- DatabaseContext:
- mysql:host=localhost;dbname=opencfp
- root
- 123
Configuration
behat.yml
SID
E
N
O
TE

Or….
actually send the email and read it via SMTP

How far is too far?
What are your priorities?

// Make sure your server and your behat client have the same time set
// Share the secret key between the two. The code should be valid for
// 30 second periods
$code = sha1($secret_key . floor(time() / 30));
if ($request->get("code") === $code) {
// Bypass captcha
}
Easier way
Simple but safe bypass

Our first talk
Set the stage
Feature: Manage paper submissions
In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers
As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
Background:
There is a user called "some@guy.com" with password "secrets"
I login as "some@guy.com" with password "secrets"
Scenario: Add a new talk to our submissions
...
PR
AC
TIC
AL

Tyranny of JavaScript
Deleting a talk

Well that won’t work
talks.feature
Scenario: Delete a talk
Given create a talk called "Behat Talk"
And I am on "/dashboard"
When I follow "Delete"
And I should not see "Behat Talk Changed"
The text "Behat Talk Changed" appears in the text of this page,
but it should not. (BehatMinkExceptionResponseTextException)

// Guzzle using web scraper
behat/mink-goutte-driver
// Java-based distributed browser workers (support JavaScript)
behat/mink-selenium2-driver
behat/mink-sahi-driver
// node.js headless browser proxy (support JavaScript)
behat/mink-zombie-driver
Drivers
Some take the scenic route

default:
# …
extensions:
BehatMinkExtension:
base_url: "[your website]"
sessions:
# …
javascript:
selenium2:
browser: "firefox"
wd_host: http://[ip-address-of-host]:4444/wd/hub
Configuration
Setting up for Selenium
PR
AC
TIC
AL

$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar
Selenium
@javascript # Or we could use @selenium2
Start Selenium Server
Specify javascript requirement
PR
AC
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$ ./vendor/bin/behat --tags speaker,talk
Tags
Run specific tags
@speaker
@talk
Scenario: Create a new talk
Given I am logged in as a speaker ...
SID
E
N
O
TE

Feature: Submitting and managing talks
As a speaker I wish be able to submit talks so I can get a chance
to talk at a conference.
@javascript
When I fill "Delete"
And I accept alerts
And I should not see "Behat Talk"
Enable JavaScript
talks.feature
PR
AC
TIC
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Run as JavaScript
talks.feature
Feature: Submitting and managing talks
As a speaker I wish be able to submit talks so I can get a chance
to talk at a conference.
When I follow "Delete"
And I accept alerts
And I should not see "Behat Talk"
LIVE
D
EM
O

Scenario: Edit a talk
Given I am on "/dashboard"
And I remember "tr[id^='talk']" content as "Title"
When I follow "Edit"
And I fill in "title" with "New Title"
And I press "Update my talk!"
Then I should see "New Title"
And I should not see "memory:Title"
Transformations
Sometimes we need to remember
PR
AC
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AL

CSS Selectors
Drives are just like browser, no one ever
supports everything properly...
SID
E
N
O
TE

/**
* @Transform /^memory:(.*)$/
*/
public function fromMemory($key) {
if (!isset($this->memory[$key])) {
throw new LogicException("Entry $key does not exist");
}
return $this->memory[$key];
}
Transformations
FeatureContext.php
PR
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/**
* @Given /^I remember "(.*)" content as "(.*)"$/
*/
public function rememberContentOf($selector, $key) {
$e = $this->getSession()->getPage()->find("css", $selector);
if (!is_object($e)) {
throw new LogicException("Element $selector not found");
}
$value = $e->getValue() ? $e->getValue() : $e->getText();
$this->memory[$key] = $value;
}
Transformations
FeatureContext.php
PR
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public function takeAScreenshotCalled($filename) {
$driver = get_class($this->getSession()->getDriver());
if ($driver == 'BehatMinkDriverSelenium2Driver') {
$ss = $this->getSession()->getScreenshot();
file_put_contents($filename, $ss);
}
}
}
Screenshot
FeatureContext.php
PR
AC
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Advanced Usage
with extra bells and whistles

use BehatBehatHookScopeAfterFeatureScope; // @AfterFeature
AfterScenarioScope; // @AfterScenario
AfterStepScope; // @AfterStep
BeforeFeatureScope; // @BeforeFeature
BeforeScenarioScope; // @BeforeScenario
BeforeStepScope; // @BeforeStep
FeatureScope; // @Feature
ScenarioScope; // @Scenario
StepScope; // @Step
Hooks
Listen in close

/**
* @AfterScenarioScope
*/
public function afterScenario(AfterScenarioScope $scope) {
$scenario = $scope->getScenario()->getTitle();
$filename = make_safe_filename($scenario);
// Take a screenshot and put it on a dashboard somewhere
$this->takeAScreenshotCalled($filename);
}
}
Hooks
FeatureContext.php
PR
AC
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AL

/**
* @AfterStep
*/
public function afterStep(AfterStepScope $scope) {
$code = $event->getTestResult()->getResultCode();
if ($code == TestResult::FAILED) {
// Take a screenshot
}
}
}
Hooks
FeatureContext.php
PR
AC
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AL

/**
* @Given /^(?:I )wait for AJAX to finish$/
*/
public function iWaitForAjaxToFinish() {
$this->getSession()->wait(5000, "(0 === jQuery.active)");
}
}
AJAX
The waiting game
PR
AC
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/**
* @Given /^(?:I )press the letter :l$/
*/
public function iPressTheLetter($l) {
$s = "jQuery.event.trigger({type:'keypress', which:'$l'});";
$this->getSession()->evaluateScript($s);
}
}
Raw javascript
There might be a valid use case...
PR
AC
TIC
AL

default:
suites:
web:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/web ]
contexts: [ BaseContext, WebContext ]
api:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/api ]
contexts: [ BaseContext, ApiContext ]
Configuration
Multiple contexts

default:
suites:
admin:
contexts: [ BaseContext, AdminContext ]
filters:
role: admin
speaker:
contexts: [ BaseContext, SpeakerContext ]
filters:
tags: @speaker
Configuration
Grouping and filtering

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --suite admin
Suites
Run a specific suite
Feature: Managing the CFP
As an admin
I need to be able to open the call for papers

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --suite speaker
Suites
Run a specific suite
@speaker
Feature: Submitting to the CFP
In order to ensure that the conference has papers
As an speaker
I need to be able to submit papers

$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar -role hub
Selenium Grid
$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar -role node -hub http:
//10.41.6.62:4444/grid/register
Start the grid
Add a node
LIVE
D
EM
O

default:
extensions:
BehatMinkExtension:
sessions:
javascript:
selenium2:
wd_host: "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wb/hub"
capabilities:
version: ""
Configuration
Because magic...
LIVE
D
EM
O

Complex Users
Dealing with very complex user states

Feature: Show relevant promotions to non-paying activated customers
Scenario: Show promotion pricing to referred clients from the EU
Given I create a user with:
| email-activated |
| is-EU-member |
| is-referred-client |
| NOT has-made-purchase |
Then ...
Setup
What attributes does our user have?

interface AttributeInterface {
// Get the required attributes to have this attribute
public function getDependencies();
// Does this user have this attribute?
public function has(MinkContext $context);
// Allocate this attribute to the user
public function allocate(MinkContext $context);
// Attempt to remove this attribute from the user
public function remove(MinkContext $context);
}
Attributes
AttributeInterface.php

class IsEUMember extends AttributeInterface {
public function getDependencies() { return ["email-activated"]; }
public function has(MinkContext $context) {
$context->visit("/profile");
$field = $context->getSession()
->getPage()
->findField("country");
return in_array($field->getValue(), $this->eu_countries);
}
}
Attributes
IsEUMember.php

// ...
public function allocate(MinkContext $context) {
$context->selectOption("country", "Netherlands");
$context->pressButton("Update");
}
public function remove(MinkContext $context) {
$context->selectOption("country", "UK"); // Future-proofing
$context->pressButton("Update");
}
Attributes
IsEUMember.php

// This class must handle dependency conflicts by examining the
// dependencies of each with/without attribute
class Request {
protected $attributes = [];
public function with(AttributeInterface $feature);
public function without(AttributeInterface $feature);
// List of attributes (including dependents) required
public function getWith();
// List of attributes (including dependents) that must be removed
public function getWithout();
}
Request
Request.php

class User {
public function __construct(MinkContext $context, $request) {
$this->createNewUser($context);
foreach ($request->getWith() as $attr) {
$attr->allocate($content);
}
foreach ($request->getWithout() as $attr) {
$attr->remove($content);
}
}
public function canSupport($request);
}
User
User.php

use BehatGherkinNodeTableNode;
/**
* @Given /^(?:I )create a user with:$/
*/
public function iCreateAUser($type, TableNode $table) {
$attributes = $table->getRowsHash();
$request = new Request();
// Build using $request->with(...) & $request->without(...);
$user = new User($context, $request);
}
}
TableNode
Handling a table

Some days everything is made of glass
Common Gotchas

Permutations
The reason why testing is painful

Expect breakages
And that’s a good thing

Speed vs Coverage
Find the right balance

Keep Selenium updated
Browsers change faster than fashion trends

Behat documents
http://docs.behat.org points to v2.5 docs but
doesn’t tell you.
Use http://docs.behat.org/en/v3.0/

Questions?
or ask me later via @thomas_shone

Feature: Administration of talk submissions
In order to be able to manage a conference, as an admin, I should
be able to manage talks
Background:
Given there is a speaker registered as "admin@guy.com" with a
password "secrets"
And User "admin@guy.com" has admin rights
And I login as "admin@guy.com" with password "secrets"
Scenario: Approve a submitted paper
Scenario: Decline a submitted paper
Final Task
Apply what you know

Hint
Admin rights are granted by a CLI too

@javascript
Feature: Admin
In order to be able to manage a conference, as an admin, I should be able to manage talks
Background:
Given there is a speaker registered as "admin@opencfp.org" with a password "secrets"
And User "admin@opencfp.org" has admin rights
And I login as "admin@opencfp.org" with password "secrets"
Scenario: Approve a submitted paper
Given I create a talk called "New Talk"
And I am on "/admin/talks"
And I click on element ".js-talk-select"
Then I should see an ".check-select--selected" element
Scenario: Reject a submitted paper
Given I am on "/admin/talks"
And I click on element ".check-select--selected"
Then I should not see an ".check-select--selected" element
Model? Answer

/**
* @Given User :email has admin rights
*/
public function userHasAdminRights($email)
{
exec("php -f bin/opencfp admin:promote " . escapeshellarg($email));
}
/**
* @Given I click on element :selector
*/
public function iClickOnElement($selector) {
$element = $this->getSession()->getPage()->find("css", $selector);
if (!is_object($element)) {
throw new LogicException("Element $selector not found");
}
$this->getSession()->evaluateScript('$("' . $selector . '").click();');
}
}
Model? Answer

/**
* @Given I create a talk called :title
*/
public function iCreateATalkCalled($title) {
$this->visit("/dashboard");
$this->clickLink("Submit a talk");
$this->fillField("title", $title);
$this->fillField("description", "Awesome");
$this->fillField("type", "regular");
$this->fillField("category", "testing");
$this->fillField("level", "mid");
$this->checkOption("desired");
$this->pressButton("Submit my talk!");
}
}
Model? Answer

Thank you
Photo from Flickr by John Morey, TrojanRat, Gerry Machen, USFS Region 5,
Peregrina Tyss and Thomas Hawk

I put on my mink and wizard behat (tutorial)

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