Beginner's Course on Islam

““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ONA BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON
ISLAM”ISLAM”
Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsLessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
Using textbook & curriculum he has developed especially forUsing textbook & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
BATCH # 15 -JANUAY 2016 INTAKEBATCH # 15 -JANUAY 2016 INTAKE
UPDATED 22 APRIL 2016UPDATED 22 APRIL 2016
All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016)
HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL
HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL
LESSON # 11 [a]
LESSON # 11 [a]
““ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”
Pillars of Islam (Submission)Pillars of Islam (Submission)
SWOLAHSWOLAH
(OBLIGATORY DAILY PRAYER)(OBLIGATORY DAILY PRAYER)
REGISTER via http://goo.gl/4EF4y
For further queries, contact
E-mail: ad.fardhayn.sg@gmail.com
or +65 81234669 / +65 96838279
Every Friday night @Every Friday night @
8pm – 10pm8pm – 10pm
Wisma Indah,Wisma Indah,
450 Changi Road,450 Changi Road,
#02-00 next to#02-00 next to MasjidMasjid
KassimKassim
IT CAN ALSO BE AIT CAN ALSO BE A
REFRESHER COURSE FORREFRESHER COURSE FOR
MUSLIM PARENTS,MUSLIM PARENTS,
EDUCATORS, INEDUCATORS, IN
CONTEMPORARYCONTEMPORARY
SINGAPORE.SINGAPORE.
OPEN TO ALLOPEN TO ALL

(The basic message of Islam)(The basic message of Islam)
FARDHU’AINFARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BY: CONDUCTED BY
USTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAILUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAIL
LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOKLESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK
““Beginners’ Manual on IslamBeginners’ Manual on Islam””
2
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOSTMOST
COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL
FROM PREVIOUS LESSONSFROM PREVIOUS LESSONS

““Allah”Allah” :: Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refersArabic proper noun; name for God, it refers
to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lordto the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord
Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there isSustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there is
none besides Allah.none besides Allah.
No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.

““Muhammad s.a.a.w.”Muhammad s.a.a.w.” :: Arabic name meaning “Arabic name meaning “thethe
Praised OnePraised One”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet,”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet,
the servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaitedthe servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaited
Seal of Prophethood after whom there will be noSeal of Prophethood after whom there will be no
more prophet sent.more prophet sent.

IIMANIIMAN
BeliefBelief
FaithFaith
ConvictionConviction
IHSANIHSAN
Best orBest or
RighteousRighteous
ConductConduct
‘‘AMALAMAL
[Islam][Islam]
SubmissionSubmission
ObedienceObedience
PracticePractice
Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith isFaith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is
mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.
Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSANTogether, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN
which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.
Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submissionThus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission
to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).

THE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TOTHE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TO
THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTHE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUHHEED)EED)
MOSTMOST
COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,

“Now then, for that (reason), call (them to the Faith), and
stand steadfast as thou art commanded nor follow thou
their vain desires; but say: "I believe in the Book which
Allah has sent down; and I am commanded to judge justly
between you. Allah is Our Lord and your Lord. For us (is
the responsibility for) Our deeds, and for you for your
deeds. There is no contention between us and you. Allah
will bring us together, and to Him is (Our) final goal.”
(Qur’an: ash-Shura: 42: 15)

The word “The word “IslamIslam” - literally means “” - literally means “surrendersurrender;;
submissionsubmission”. When added with the prefix “”. When added with the prefix “alal” ( definite” ( definite
article“tarticle“thehe” - to denote a name) it refers to the essential traits of” - to denote a name) it refers to the essential traits of
this religion signifying an external manifestation of one’s innerthis religion signifying an external manifestation of one’s inner
conviction, belief (conviction, belief (iimaniiman) towards “) towards “obedience to the will ofobedience to the will of
AllahAllah”.”.
The true meaning of “The true meaning of “believebelieve” or “” or “iimaniiman”” is :is :
““to be convinced in one’s heart/mind (to be convinced in one’s heart/mind (QolbQolb););
and declare with one’s tongue,and declare with one’s tongue,
and practice deeds in accordance with its pillarsand practice deeds in accordance with its pillars””

So “So “how does one begin to submit to Allah’s willhow does one begin to submit to Allah’s will”?”?
This was succinctly enumerated by Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.This was succinctly enumerated by Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.
in what is referred to as :in what is referred to as :
the Pillars of Islamthe Pillars of Islam
((Arkaan-ul-IslaamArkaan-ul-Islaam).).

Islam is built upon Five (pillars):Islam is built upon Five (pillars):
[1] To bear witness that there is no god except[1] To bear witness that there is no god except
Allah, and that Muhammad is theAllah, and that Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allah;Messenger of Allah;
[2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory)[2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory)
Swolah;Swolah;
[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);
[4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the[4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the
House) for those who has the means toHouse) for those who has the means to
(do) it;(do) it;
[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.

THE secondTHE second PILLAR OF ISLAMPILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TOIN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO
THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTAUHHEEDEED))
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,

THE secondTHE second PILLAR OF ISLAMPILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TOIN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO
THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTAUHHEEDEED))
““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ONA BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON
ISLAM”ISLAM”
Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsLessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
HADITH
OF
JIBRA-’IL
HADITH
OF
JIBRA-’IL
LESSON
#
11
(a)
LESSON
#
11
(a)
TOPIC ON 22 APRIL 2016TOPIC ON 22 APRIL 2016
Every Friday night @Every Friday night @
8pm – 10pm8pm – 10pm
Wisma Indah, 450Wisma Indah, 450
Changi Road,Changi Road,
#02-00 next to Masjid#02-00 next to Masjid
KassimKassim

And (remember) when thy Lord drew forth from the Children ofAnd (remember) when thy Lord drew forth from the Children of
Adam― from their loins― their descendants, and made themAdam― from their loins― their descendants, and made them
testify concerning themselves, (saying):testify concerning themselves, (saying):
""Am I not your LordAm I not your Lord ((ROBBROBB-Who cherishes and sustains-Who cherishes and sustains
you)?“― They said:you)?“― They said: "Yea! we do testify!“"Yea! we do testify!“
(This), lest ye should say on the Day of Judgment: "of this we(This), lest ye should say on the Day of Judgment: "of this we
were unaware.”were unaware.”
((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 172Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 172))

““ I have only created jinns and menI have only created jinns and men, that they may serve, that they may serve
(worship)(worship) Me –Me – LIYA’-BU-DUUNLIYA’-BU-DUUN. No sustenance do I require. No sustenance do I require
of them nor do I require that they should feed Me. Forof them nor do I require that they should feed Me. For
Allah is He Who gives (all) Sustenance― Lord of Power,Allah is He Who gives (all) Sustenance― Lord of Power,
Steadfast (forever).”Steadfast (forever).”
((Qur’an: Dzaariyat : 51: 56-58Qur’an: Dzaariyat : 51: 56-58))

The innermost purpose of the creation of all rational beings isThe innermost purpose of the creation of all rational beings is
their cognition (their cognition (ma’rifahma’rifah) of the existence of God and, hence, their) of the existence of God and, hence, their
conscious willingness to conform their own existence to whateverconscious willingness to conform their own existence to whatever
they perceive of His will and plan :they perceive of His will and plan :
It is this two-fold concept “It is this two-fold concept “cognition and willingnesscognition and willingness” that gives” that gives
the deepest meaning to what the Qur’an describes as ”the deepest meaning to what the Qur’an describes as ”worshipworship””
((‘ibadah‘ibadah) ….) ….
((Muhammad Asad @Leopold Weiss – “Message of the Qur’an”Muhammad Asad @Leopold Weiss – “Message of the Qur’an”))
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND SUBMISSION

““The verse that follows shows, this spiritual call (“The verse that follows shows, this spiritual call (“worshipworship”) does”) does
not arise from any supposed “not arise from any supposed “needneed” on the part of the Creator,” on the part of the Creator,
Who is self-sufficient and infinite in His power, but is designed asWho is self-sufficient and infinite in His power, but is designed as
an instrument for the inner development of the worshipper, who,an instrument for the inner development of the worshipper, who,
by the act of his conscious self-surrender to the all-pervadingby the act of his conscious self-surrender to the all-pervading
Creative Will, may hope to come closer to an understanding of theCreative Will, may hope to come closer to an understanding of the
Will and, thus, closer to God Himself.”Will and, thus, closer to God Himself.”
((Muhammad Asad @Leopold Weiss – “Message of the Qur’an”Muhammad Asad @Leopold Weiss – “Message of the Qur’an”))
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND SUBMISSION

Unlike some other religion where worship entails offeringsUnlike some other religion where worship entails offerings
to their ‘deities’ on altars, in Islam Allah s.w.t. isto their ‘deities’ on altars, in Islam Allah s.w.t. is
reminding us that He has no need for us, whereas we allreminding us that He has no need for us, whereas we all
stand in need of Him.stand in need of Him.
In truth, it is Allah s.w.t. Who sustains, nourishes andIn truth, it is Allah s.w.t. Who sustains, nourishes and
continuously provides for us.continuously provides for us.
Shouldn’t we be grateful?Shouldn’t we be grateful?
What do you think would be the repercussion towardsWhat do you think would be the repercussion towards
those who are ungrateful? Shouldn’t we fear?those who are ungrateful? Shouldn’t we fear?

The usual translation into English isThe usual translation into English is ‘reverential fear of Allah’‘reverential fear of Allah’,,
which may convey some aspect of it, yet the full understanding ofwhich may convey some aspect of it, yet the full understanding of
this term still evades many. I prefer to use termthis term still evades many. I prefer to use term “the“the
‘‘consciousness of Allah’consciousness of Allah’,, which entails factors which lead to truewhich entails factors which lead to true
obedience to Allah s.w.t. and His Messenger Muhammadobedience to Allah s.w.t. and His Messenger Muhammad --
obedience to what Allah ordered and staying away from whatobedience to what Allah ordered and staying away from what
Allah forbade.Allah forbade.
TAQWATAQWA

"Verily I am Allah: there is no god but I: ("Verily I am Allah: there is no god but I: (FA’-BUD-NEEFA’-BUD-NEE))
so serve thou Me, (only) and establish regular prayerso serve thou Me, (only) and establish regular prayer
((SwolahSwolah) for) for My RemembranceMy Remembrance. (. (LI-DZIK-REELI-DZIK-REE)”)”
((Qur’an: TaHa: 20:14Qur’an: TaHa: 20:14))

• “Man” – ‘ insaan ’ is prone to
“forgetfulness” - ‘nis-yaan’.
• Here (As-Swolah), is the remedy lest we become
forgetful and heedless !

• Are we not the servant / slave of Allah?
• If so, then how do we serve or worship Him?

• Commandment – - means “to establish,
put upright or erect, build, ” which shares the
same root as the word – - meaning:
• “straightness; sincerity; rectitude; integrity, true;
authentic, consistent,” etc.
• And ‘Swolah’ is prescribed as the basis (pillars) for
our daily ‘remembrance’ of our ROBB (Lord, God,
Sustainer).

““IfIf anyone withdraws himself from remembranceanyone withdraws himself from remembrance
of Most Graciousof Most Gracious, We appoint for him an, We appoint for him an evil oneevil one
to be an intimate companion to him (to be an intimate companion to him (QOREENQOREEN).).
Such (evil ones) reallySuch (evil ones) really hinder them from the Pathhinder them from the Path
but they think that they are being guided aright! “but they think that they are being guided aright! “
((Qur’an: Zukhruf: 49: 36-37Qur’an: Zukhruf: 49: 36-37))

• It is clear that Muslims who do not uphold and
consistently perform their obligatory Swolah
inevitably fall prey into following Satan’s
footsteps, drawn into sins, due to the temptations
and the glitters of the love for the world.
• To help any Muslims in whatever problems they
face, reminding them to keep to fulfilling their
most important obligation – Swolah – is crucial.

““ Enjoin prayer (SWOLAH) on thy people (family),Enjoin prayer (SWOLAH) on thy people (family),
and be patient and constant thereinand be patient and constant therein. We ask thee. We ask thee
not to provide sustenance: We provide it for thee.not to provide sustenance: We provide it for thee.
But the (fruit of) the Hereafter is forBut the (fruit of) the Hereafter is for
Righteousness.”Righteousness.”
((Qur’an: TaHa: 20: 132Qur’an: TaHa: 20: 132))

Such is the importance ofSuch is the importance of SwolahSwolah that we arethat we are
to enjoin it upon our family too, no matter if itto enjoin it upon our family too, no matter if it
may be difficult, we have to patiently strivemay be difficult, we have to patiently strive
upon this – not to be complacent nor lax.upon this – not to be complacent nor lax.
Allah SWT also gave us a warning – which weAllah SWT also gave us a warning – which we
all must be fearful of being afflicted :all must be fearful of being afflicted :

““But there came after them successors who neglectedBut there came after them successors who neglected
prayer (prayer (SWOLAHSWOLAH) and pursued desires; so they are) and pursued desires; so they are
going to meet evil (Destruction)― “going to meet evil (Destruction)― “
((Qur’an: Mariam: 19: 59Qur’an: Mariam: 19: 59))

““But after them there followed a posterity who missedBut after them there followed a posterity who missed
prayers (prayers (swolahswolah) and followed after lusts: soon, then) and followed after lusts: soon, then
will they face Destruction― “will they face Destruction― “
((Qur’an: Mariam: 19: 59Qur’an: Mariam: 19: 59))
WE SEEK REFUGE IN ALLAH FROM THIS !WE SEEK REFUGE IN ALLAH FROM THIS !

This ‘This ‘SwolahSwolah’ in fact is the Allah’s gift of’ in fact is the Allah’s gift of
spiritual nourishment for our own soul andspiritual nourishment for our own soul and
eternal well-being.eternal well-being.
We will reap from its benefit in this world andWe will reap from its benefit in this world and
shall fully benefit from its fruits (of eternalshall fully benefit from its fruits (of eternal
reward) in the Hereafter.reward) in the Hereafter.

““The head of the matter isThe head of the matter is Al-IslamAl-Islam;;
its pillar is the (obligatory) prayer i.e.its pillar is the (obligatory) prayer i.e. SwolahSwolah;;
and its highest pinnacle isand its highest pinnacle is JihadJihad (striving with utmost)(striving with utmost)
in the way of Allah.”in the way of Allah.”
((Hadith reported by MuslimHadith reported by Muslim))

““TheThe SwolahSwolah is pillar of the religion, whosoever establishes it,is pillar of the religion, whosoever establishes it,
establishes the religion; and whosoever destroys it,establishes the religion; and whosoever destroys it,
destroys the religion.”destroys the religion.”
((Hadith narrated by Baihaqy from ‘Umar r.aHadith narrated by Baihaqy from ‘Umar r.a.).)

““O You who are leaders !O You who are leaders ! Verily,Verily, I consider to be theI consider to be the
most important duty (of leaders)most important duty (of leaders) , which must be, which must be
carried out diligently, is : in the matter ofcarried out diligently, is : in the matter of SWOLAHSWOLAH..
Whosoever neglects his (duty of)Whosoever neglects his (duty of) SwolahSwolah, more so, more so
would he neglect his other duties. There is no share (ofwould he neglect his other duties. There is no share (of
goodness) in Islam for those who discardgoodness) in Islam for those who discard As-SwolahAs-Swolah””
(Hadith reported by Malik)(Hadith reported by Malik)

““ And be ye not like those who forgot Allah; and HeAnd be ye not like those who forgot Allah; and He
made them forget their own selves (souls)! Such are themade them forget their own selves (souls)! Such are the
rebellious transgressors (rebellious transgressors (FAASIQUNFAASIQUN)!”)!”
((Qur’an: Hashr: 59:19Qur’an: Hashr: 59:19))

LET IT NOT deceive theeLET IT NOT deceive thee that those who are bent onthat those who are bent on
denying the truthdenying the truth seem to be able to do as they please onseem to be able to do as they please on
earthearth: it is [but] a brief enjoyment, with hell thereafter as: it is [but] a brief enjoyment, with hell thereafter as
their goal - and how vile a resting-place! - whereas thosetheir goal - and how vile a resting-place! - whereas those
who remain conscious of their Sustainer (who remain conscious of their Sustainer (TAQWATAQWA) shall) shall
have gardens through which running waters flow, therein tohave gardens through which running waters flow, therein to
abide: a ready welcome from Allah.abide: a ready welcome from Allah. And that which is withAnd that which is with
Allah is best for the truly virtuousAllah is best for the truly virtuous.”.”
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 196-19Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 196-19))

46
Most often “SWOLAH” is translated as “prayer” – but this isMost often “SWOLAH” is translated as “prayer” – but this is
not accurate, because in Islam there are two kinds of prayer:not accurate, because in Islam there are two kinds of prayer:
[a] Non-specific prayer, communicating with Allah[a] Non-specific prayer, communicating with Allah
to make requests, supplication etc. termed “to make requests, supplication etc. termed “du’adu’a”.”.
Can be said in any language, at any time and onCan be said in any language, at any time and on
any occasion.any occasion.

47
Most often “SWOLAH” is translated as “prayer” – but this isMost often “SWOLAH” is translated as “prayer” – but this is
not accurate, because in Islam there are two kinds of prayer:not accurate, because in Islam there are two kinds of prayer:
[b] Specific form of devotion or prayer termed[b] Specific form of devotion or prayer termed
““SWOLAHSWOLAH” :” :
a prescribed form of worship as shown by thea prescribed form of worship as shown by the
Prophet Muhammad [Prophet Muhammad [ --pbuh] comprising of:pbuh] comprising of:
(1)(1) Intention ;Intention ; (2)(2) Recitation; andRecitation; and
(3)(3) Action or postures.Action or postures.

““(Establish you)(Establish you) SwolahSwolah (in the way or manner which)(in the way or manner which)
you see me (do the)you see me (do the) swolahswolah.”.”
((Hadith narrated by Bukhary and MuslimHadith narrated by Bukhary and Muslim))

““ set up regular prayers (set up regular prayers (SwolahSwolah) : for such prayers () : for such prayers (SwolahSwolah))
are enjoined on believers at stated times.”are enjoined on believers at stated times.”
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103))

There are 5 obligatoryThere are 5 obligatory SwolahSwolah daily:daily:
[1][1] SubuhSubuh oror FajrFajr (at dawn)(at dawn)
[2][2] ZuhrZuhr (mid-afternoon)(mid-afternoon)**
[3][3] ‘Asr‘Asr (late-afternoon)(late-afternoon)
[4][4] MaghribMaghrib (after sunset)(after sunset)
[5][5] Isha’Isha’ (night)(night)
On Friday, it is compulsory for every male Muslims who are not ‘On Friday, it is compulsory for every male Muslims who are not ‘musaafirmusaafir’’
(a traveler), to attend and perform the(a traveler), to attend and perform the Juma’atJuma’at congregational prayercongregational prayer
(conducted with sermon), replacing their daily(conducted with sermon), replacing their daily Zuhr’Zuhr’..
50

51
Ta’rifTa’rif (definition)(definition)
From the point of view ofFrom the point of view of SyaraSyara’ (legal) which is descriptive:’ (legal) which is descriptive:
““It consists of some recitations and actions, beginning withIt consists of some recitations and actions, beginning with
glorification (glorification (TakbirTakbir), and is concluded with), and is concluded with SalaamSalaam (greeting of(greeting of
Peace) – with which we worship Allah (formal devotion) byPeace) – with which we worship Allah (formal devotion) by
complying with all its fixed conditions.”complying with all its fixed conditions.”

52
Its “Its “HaqiqatHaqiqat” (Reality) is defined as:” (Reality) is defined as:
““ Presenting our entire self to Allah, with reverential fear towardsPresenting our entire self to Allah, with reverential fear towards
Him, as well as instilling in our self, sense of esteem towards HisHim, as well as instilling in our self, sense of esteem towards His
Glory and Greatness, as well as towards His Absolute and PerfectGlory and Greatness, as well as towards His Absolute and Perfect
Power”Power”

53
““Ruh al-SwolahRuh al-Swolah” i.e. the Essence or Spirit of” i.e. the Essence or Spirit of SwolahSwolah is definedis defined::
””Communion (Communion (TawajjuhTawajjuh) of our entire self, with) of our entire self, with hopehope andand completecomplete
reliancereliance towards Allah, withtowards Allah, with humilithumility in His presence andy in His presence and sinceritysincerity,,
be it in ourbe it in our DzikrDzikr (utterances of His remembrance),(utterances of His remembrance), Du’aDu’a
(supplications) and praises ((supplications) and praises (GlorificationGlorification of Him).”of Him).”

54
“Swolah” is such a special act of devotion,
because:
[a] Its commandment bestowed through a special miracle –
Isra’ wal- Mi’raj.

55
because:
[b] It encapsulates every acts of worship performed
especially by the angels.

56
because:
[c] It is an intimate and personal communion, as a response
to the invitation to have audience with the Compassionate
and Merciful, Lord of all creation – directly, without any
intermediary.
Shouldn’t we cherish and honour this privilege and priceless
opportunity which Allah Himself has granted upon us
Muslims (only) through our Prophet Muhammad ?

57
because:
[d] Amongst its miracle is that, there is consensus amongst[d] Amongst its miracle is that, there is consensus amongst
every Muslim regarding how generally it is to be performed,every Muslim regarding how generally it is to be performed,
and the teaching of it has beenand the teaching of it has been continuously upheld andcontinuously upheld and
transmittedtransmitted through an unbroken chain in every generationthrough an unbroken chain in every generation
of Muslims, since our Prophet’s time. Others do not haveof Muslims, since our Prophet’s time. Others do not have
such devotions as this – and is constantly being manifestedsuch devotions as this – and is constantly being manifested
daily as symbol of Muslims’ adherence to “daily as symbol of Muslims’ adherence to “Al-IslamAl-Islam”.”.

58
““SwolahSwolah” is such a special act of devotion,” is such a special act of devotion,
because:because:
[e] And thus there is not one single moment, but there will[e] And thus there is not one single moment, but there will
always be Muslims engaged in Swolahalways be Muslims engaged in Swolah on this earth. Whenon this earth. When
we consider only the “we consider only the “ADZANADZAN” (call to prayer) alone, we’ll be” (call to prayer) alone, we’ll be
amazed that as an observable phenomenon, it is proclaimedamazed that as an observable phenomenon, it is proclaimed
right across the globe from East to West, continuously fromright across the globe from East to West, continuously from
one time-zone to the next, as the day and night unwind.one time-zone to the next, as the day and night unwind.

59
because:because:
[f] It is in a Muslim[f] It is in a Muslim swolahswolah that the manner of worship tothat the manner of worship to
God is truly reflected as similar to that of previous ProphetsGod is truly reflected as similar to that of previous Prophets
before Prophet Muhammadbefore Prophet Muhammad –– standing, bowing,standing, bowing,
prostratingprostrating etc. which serves also, as effective reminder toetc. which serves also, as effective reminder to
the People of the Book and others.the People of the Book and others.

60
Abraham a.s. is recorded to have prayed. And the
manner of his praying was described in the Bible:
“Then Abram (Abraham) fell on
his face * …”
(Genesis : 17 : 3)
CORROBORATION
* prostration

61
Moses and Aaron a.s. is recorded to have prayed.
And the manner of his praying was described in the
Bible:
“Then Moses and Aaron went from
the presence of the assembly to the
door of the tent of meeting, and fell
on their faces* …”
(Numbers 20: 6)
CORROBORATION
* prostration

62
Jesus a.s. is recorded to have prayed. And the
manner of his praying was described in the Bible:
“Then Jesus went with them to a place called
Gethsemane, and he said to his disciples, ‘Sit here
while I go yonder to pray….. And going a little
farther he fell on his face* and prayed, ‘My Father,
if it be possible, let this cup pass from me;
nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt’ ”
(Mathew:26:36-40)
CORROBORATION
* prostration

63
because:because:
[g] Although preferably[g] Although preferably swolahswolah is to be performed inis to be performed in
congregation in mosques, yet it can actually be performedcongregation in mosques, yet it can actually be performed
by Muslimsby Muslims anywhere on earthanywhere on earth, as long as the place is free, as long as the place is free
of filth and does not cause harm or impede the rights ofof filth and does not cause harm or impede the rights of
others.others.

64
because:
[h] Through it, Allah s.w.t. guarantees His divine help
leading to real success for those who patiently persevere in
Allah’s way and guard it, as revealed in the Qur’an:

“Nay seek (Allah's) help with patient perseverance (SwOBR’)
and prayer (SWOLAH): it is indeed hard, except to those who
are humble (KHAA-SHI-’EEN).”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 45)

““And establish Regular Prayer (And establish Regular Prayer (SWOLAHSWOLAH) : for Prayer) : for Prayer
restrains from shameful and unjust deeds; andrestrains from shameful and unjust deeds; and
((DZIKRULLAHDZIKRULLAH) remembrance of Allah is the greatest) remembrance of Allah is the greatest
(thing in life) without doubt.”(thing in life) without doubt.”
((Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 45Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 45))

““And thus have We willed you to be a communityAnd thus have We willed you to be a community
of the middle way (of the middle way (UMMATAN WASOTANUMMATAN WASOTAN) [i.e.) [i.e.
justly balanced], so that [justly balanced], so that [with your liveswith your lives] you] you
might bear witness to the truth before allmight bear witness to the truth before all
mankind (mankind (SHUHADAA-A ‘ALAN-NAASSHUHADAA-A ‘ALAN-NAAS) , and the) , and the
Messenger as a witness over you..... “Messenger as a witness over you..... “
((Qur’an: al- Baqarah: 2:143Qur’an: al- Baqarah: 2:143))

““Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those whoMuhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those who
are with him are strong against Unbelievers, (but)are with him are strong against Unbelievers, (but)
compassionate amongst each other.compassionate amongst each other. Thou wilt see thThou wilt see themem
((RUKU’RUKU’) bow and () bow and (SUJD’SUJD’) prostrate themselves (in prayer)) prostrate themselves (in prayer)
seeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. Onseeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. On
their faces are their marks, (being) the traces of theirtheir faces are their marks, (being) the traces of their
prostration....”prostration....”
((Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 29Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 29))

““... This is their similitude in the Torah; and their... This is their similitude in the Torah; and their
similitude in the Gospel is: like a seed which sends forthsimilitude in the Gospel is: like a seed which sends forth
its blade, then makes it strong; it then becomes thickits blade, then makes it strong; it then becomes thick
and it stands on its own stem (filling) the sower withand it stands on its own stem (filling) the sower with
wonder and delight. As a result, it fills the Unbelieverswonder and delight. As a result, it fills the Unbelievers
with rage at him. Allah has promised those amongwith rage at him. Allah has promised those among
them who believe and do righteous deeds Forgivenessthem who believe and do righteous deeds Forgiveness
and a great Reward..”and a great Reward..”
((Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 29Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 29))

““The first deeds of the servant of Allah that will beThe first deeds of the servant of Allah that will be
checked and accounted for on Judgement Day will bechecked and accounted for on Judgement Day will be
his ‘his ‘SWOLAHSWOLAH’, it will be thoroughly looked at. If it is’, it will be thoroughly looked at. If it is
found to be good, then he would be deemedfound to be good, then he would be deemed
successful; but if it is found to be wanting (deficient),successful; but if it is found to be wanting (deficient),
then all his (other) deeds would be deemed useless andthen all his (other) deeds would be deemed useless and
(he would become) a loser.”(he would become) a loser.”
((Hadith reported by At- Tabrany from Anas r.a.Hadith reported by At- Tabrany from Anas r.a.))

“(What separates) Between a person and disbelief (KUFR),
is the discarding or the abandonment of (his performing
the obligatory prayer) SWOLAH”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Ibnu Majah, Abu Dawud and Muslim)

Once the ProphetOnce the Prophet asked his companions “Do you believeasked his companions “Do you believe
that dirt can remain on a person bathing five times a day inthat dirt can remain on a person bathing five times a day in
a stream running in front of his door?” “No!” replied thea stream running in front of his door?” “No!” replied the
companions, “No dirt can remain on his body.”companions, “No dirt can remain on his body.”
The ProphetThe Prophet then remarked, “So exactly similar is thethen remarked, “So exactly similar is the
effect ofeffect of SWOLAHSWOLAH offered five times a day. With the Grace ofoffered five times a day. With the Grace of
Allah, it washes away all the sins …”Allah, it washes away all the sins …”
76

“… Verily the five (obligatory prayer)he five (obligatory prayer) SWOLAHSWOLAH removesremoves
sins in the same way that water removes the filth.”sins in the same way that water removes the filth.”

“…“… Heard Anas bin Malik r.a. narrated : The ProphetHeard Anas bin Malik r.a. narrated : The Prophet said,said,
"A faithful believer ("A faithful believer (MU’MEENMU’MEEN) while he is in devotional) while he is in devotional
prayer (prayer (SWOLAHSWOLAH), he is speaking in (), he is speaking in (MUNAJAHMUNAJAH) private) private
communion to his Lord… “communion to his Lord… “
((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

FIVE ESSENTIALS PRE-REQUISITE BEFOREFIVE ESSENTIALS PRE-REQUISITE BEFORE
PERFORMANCE OF SWOLAHPERFORMANCE OF SWOLAH

 As Muslims, we are required to maintain standard of hygiene andAs Muslims, we are required to maintain standard of hygiene and
cleanliness.cleanliness.
 Especially for performance ofEspecially for performance of SwolahSwolah, Muslims are require to ensure, Muslims are require to ensure
they are free from all filth or state of impurities both physically orthey are free from all filth or state of impurities both physically or
ceremoniously.ceremoniously.
 It stipulates what constitute filth (It stipulates what constitute filth (najasatnajasat); how to cleanse or purify); how to cleanse or purify
oneself of it (oneself of it (taharahtaharah); on certain occasion it requires one to take a); on certain occasion it requires one to take a
complete bath (complete bath (ghuslghusl’’) or to do partial washing i.e. ablution () or to do partial washing i.e. ablution (wudhu’wudhu’).).

““And We send down upon you water from the skies, so that He mightAnd We send down upon you water from the skies, so that He might
purify you thereby and free you from satan’s unclean whisperings,purify you thereby and free you from satan’s unclean whisperings,
and strengthen your hearts and thus make firm your steps.”and strengthen your hearts and thus make firm your steps.”
((Qur’an: Anfal: 8:11Qur’an: Anfal: 8:11))

 This is “This is “spiritualspiritual” in nature as it pertains to” in nature as it pertains to
AQEEDAHAQEEDAH (belief). Allah s.w.t. says:(belief). Allah s.w.t. says:
 The way to purify (such belief) is by adhering toThe way to purify (such belief) is by adhering to
TAUTAUHHEEDEED through embracing Islam – proclaimingthrough embracing Islam – proclaiming
thethe SHAHADAHTAINSHAHADAHTAIN..
“O ye who believe! The idolaters only are unclean (NAJASUN).
So let them not come near the (MASJIDIL HARAM) Inviolable
Place of Worship after this their year. ”
(Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 28)
“SHIRK”
Ascribing, setting up
partners to Allah;
idolatry; worshipping
Other than Allah.

 All parts of dogs and pigs, and any traces left by it. Even if the skin had
been tanned, it is still regarded as unclean when moist.
 Any contact upon it when moist requires cleansing to remove any of its
traces (until one is convinced of its removal of any texture, smell and
colour).
““NAJIS MUGHALAZAH” - heavyNAJIS MUGHALAZAH” - heavy
Impurities that requires cleansing in manner (analogously) prescribed byImpurities that requires cleansing in manner (analogously) prescribed by
the Prophet Muhammadthe Prophet Muhammad termed “sertu” or “samak”:termed “sertu” or “samak”:

““NAJIS MUGHALAZAH” - heavyNAJIS MUGHALAZAH” - heavy
Impurities that requires cleansing in manner (analogously) prescribed byImpurities that requires cleansing in manner (analogously) prescribed by
the Prophet Muhammadthe Prophet Muhammad . termed “sertu” or “samak”:. termed “sertu” or “samak”:
 For this category ofFor this category of NAJISNAJIS, the general view for cleansing is based upon, the general view for cleansing is based upon
thethe ’QIYAS’’QIYAS’ (analogical legal reasoning) from the(analogical legal reasoning) from the SUNNAHSUNNAH ::
““Cleansing one of your container if a dog licks it, is by washing itCleansing one of your container if a dog licks it, is by washing it
seven times, first (beginning) washing shall be with soil (earth)”seven times, first (beginning) washing shall be with soil (earth)”

“NAJIS MUTAWASITTAH”
Impurities that requires general cleansing to remove traces of its texture,
smell or colour, preferably by using clean water. On smooth surfaces,
mere dry wiping may be acceptable.
Divided into 2:
 ‘Ainiyyah – impurities, the traces of which that can be seen.
 Hukmiyyah – impurities that leaves no visible traces but which our
knowledge ascertain its presence.

[1] (Carrion) Dead animal .[1] (Carrion) Dead animal .
[2] Blood including pus.[2] Blood including pus.
[3] Urine and excrement[3] Urine and excrement
[4] Vomit[4] Vomit
What are these Najasat ?What are these Najasat ?

[5][5] MadziMadzi (prostatic fluid)(prostatic fluid)
[6][6] WadiWadi (white chalky discharge following urine)(white chalky discharge following urine)
[7][7] KhamrKhamr (wine & intoxicant of this genre)(wine & intoxicant of this genre) **
** alcohol which is not derived from “Khamr” e.g. methylated spirit etc.
used in swabs and disinfectant, are not najis, but clean (pure).

“NAJIS MUKHAFFAFAH” - light
Impurities that requires cleansing merely by sprinkling water over it.
 Slight amount of vomit.
 Urine of an unweaned (i.e. still breastfeeding) baby boy.

””Truly Allah loveth those who turn unto Him,Truly Allah loveth those who turn unto Him,
and loveth those who have a care forand loveth those who have a care for
cleanliness (purity). “cleanliness (purity). “
((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 222Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 222))

 The cleansing of both private parts after urination or bowelThe cleansing of both private parts after urination or bowel
movements using clean water (preferably running tap water).movements using clean water (preferably running tap water).
 It is preferable, before washing, to use absorbent e.g. toilet paperIt is preferable, before washing, to use absorbent e.g. toilet paper
first. Use left hand in cleansing and, to ensure removal of all traces offirst. Use left hand in cleansing and, to ensure removal of all traces of
discharge (texture, smell and colour).discharge (texture, smell and colour).
 If water is not available, or cannot be used, then you may use only theIf water is not available, or cannot be used, then you may use only the
absorbent material such as paper, smooth stone, leaf, etc. - but this isabsorbent material such as paper, smooth stone, leaf, etc. - but this is
the exception, as a rule, preference must be given to the using ofthe exception, as a rule, preference must be given to the using of
water forwater for istinja’istinja’..

 It is obligatory (WAJIB) for male Muslim to be circumcised, before
which the uncircumcised male must ensure that when he does the
ISTINJA’ (after urination), the foreskin is pull back to expose the glans of
the penis, to be cleanse thoroughly with water.
 NOTE:
All physical discharges, (solid and liquid) from the private parts are
regarded as impure (NAJIS) and would require cleansing.
Male are to do ISTIBRO’ - (drainage of possible remnant by stroking etc.)
Those discharges categorized as perspiration; or vaginal secretion
naturally present; or gaseous release (fart) - are excused from the need
to do istinja’.

”” ““If you are in a state of ceremonial impurityIf you are in a state of ceremonial impurity
((janabanjanaban), bathe your whole body (), bathe your whole body (ghusl’ghusl’).”).”
((Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5: 6Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5: 6))

 ObligatoryObligatory GHUSL’GHUSL’ is a complete washing (bath) which must be takenis a complete washing (bath) which must be taken
as commanded by Allah, on all occasions when a Muslim is affected byas commanded by Allah, on all occasions when a Muslim is affected by
and is in a state of (ceremonial) major impurity termed as “and is in a state of (ceremonial) major impurity termed as “JANABAHJANABAH”.”.

1.1. When Muslim dies, his body has to be given the bath.When Muslim dies, his body has to be given the bath.
2.2. For woman, after menstruation / monthly period.For woman, after menstruation / monthly period.
3.3. For woman who hasFor woman who has lochialochia after childbirth (i.e. After post-natalafter childbirth (i.e. After post-natal
bleeding has ceased).bleeding has ceased).
4. When sexual penetration has occurred. In this case both (the
male and female) are in a state of ceremonial impurity
requiring the bath, even though the sexual act does not end in
orgasmic discharge.

5.When semen - or sperm has been discharged (orgasm) by male
or female, even without engaging in coitus, e.g. through “wet-
dreams” , masturbation, etc.

[1] Performance of[1] Performance of SWOLAHSWOLAH..
[2] Performance of[2] Performance of TAWAFTAWAF (circumambulation or going around the(circumambulation or going around the
KA’ABAHKA’ABAH).).
[3] Touching or carrying the[3] Touching or carrying the MUS-HAFMUS-HAF – (Holy Qur’an which is totally in– (Holy Qur’an which is totally in
the Arabic script).the Arabic script).
[4] Reciting the Holy Qur’an ([4] Reciting the Holy Qur’an (TILAWATTILAWAT) as an act of devotion. But it is) as an act of devotion. But it is
permissible in ‘permissible in ‘DZIKRDZIKR’ (daily utterances as form of remembrance),’ (daily utterances as form of remembrance),
extol supplications and glorification of Allah.extol supplications and glorification of Allah.
[5] To remain in a[5] To remain in a MASJIDMASJID (mosque).(mosque).

There are 2 important criteria to be
fulfilled in ghusl’:
[1] INTENTION (NIYYAT)
[2] (TOTAL) WHOLE BODY IS WASHED

[1] Cleanse genitals (istinja’).
[2] Wash face, hands up to elbows, wipe head and ears.
[3] At the start of bath, ensure you formulate intention in your
heart/mind in the language you understand, stipulating (the what &
the why) for example:
“I am doing this obligatory bath (ghusl’) for the sake of Allah!”
DETAILED: Sequential bath according to SunnahSequential bath according to SunnahMETHOD # 1METHOD # 1

[4] Wash the head thoroughly* (including beard and sideburns, etc.)
* Thoroughly entails rubbing over all parts of the body. If during the
bath, soap or shampoo is used, ensure that you rinsed over it with water. If
pouring water over it, three times is preferred.
[5] Wash the right half of the body thoroughly, from shoulder down to the
feet.
[6] Wash the left half of the body thoroughly, from shoulder down to feet.
DETAILED: Sequential bath according to SunnahSequential bath according to SunnahMETHOD # 1METHOD # 1

 One may perform bath by total immersion e.g. in pool, sea, river etc.
but the important criteria must be met i.e. Intention and the whole body is
totally washed.
 If one uses container or tub, ensure that the volume is not less than
1.50 cubic metre to ensure it does not become contaminated through use
or when impurity is immersed into the water.
DETAILED: BATHING BY TOTAL IMMERSIONBATHING BY TOTAL IMMERSIONMETHOD # 2METHOD # 2

““O Ye who believe! When ye prepare for prayer (swolah), washO Ye who believe! When ye prepare for prayer (swolah), wash
your faces and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; rub youryour faces and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; rub your
heads (with water) and (wash) your feet to the ankles.”heads (with water) and (wash) your feet to the ankles.”
((Qur’an: Ma’idah: 5: 7Qur’an: Ma’idah: 5: 7))

 WudhuWudhu’’ (ablution) means – conditional washing of certain parts of the(ablution) means – conditional washing of certain parts of the
body prior to the performance of Swolah as commanded generally bybody prior to the performance of Swolah as commanded generally by
Allah s.w.t. (Q: 5: 7) and exemplified in detail by Prophet MuhammadAllah s.w.t. (Q: 5: 7) and exemplified in detail by Prophet Muhammad
s.a.w.s.a.w.
 The essentials (The essentials (RUKUNRUKUN) are:) are:
[1] Intention ([1] Intention (NIYYATNIYYAT););
[2] Washing of the face;[2] Washing of the face;
[3] Wash hands up to elbows;[3] Wash hands up to elbows;
[4] Wipe the head;[4] Wipe the head;
[5] Wash feet up to ankles;[5] Wash feet up to ankles;
[6] In accordance with correct sequence ([6] In accordance with correct sequence (TARTIBTARTIB).).

DETAIL PERFORMANCE ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAHDETAIL PERFORMANCE ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH
1) Begin by reciting the “Basmalah”, wash hands up to wrists.
2) Rinse mouth by gargling; recommended to brush teeth & gum;
insert water into nostril and cleanse.
3) Actual Wudhu’ begins when washing the face*, at which time one
must formulate intention in one’s heart/mind in a language that
one understands, e.g.:
“I am performing this Wudhu’ (ablution) for the sake of Allah.”
* Face constitute area from top of forehead down to the chin, and
whole area between the ears.

4)Then, wash the right hand up to the elbow, followed by the left.
5)The head is wipe with moistened hands, followed by wiping the ears.
6)The feet is then wash up to the ankles, right foot first followed by
left – ensure water reaches in between toes and up the back of the
heels.

a. Washing must follow sequence as stated in Q:5:7 – face, hands up
to elbows, wipe head and then wash feet up to ankles.
b. It is recommended to use running tap water; but when using
water in container, ensure that it is not unduly contaminated
when one uses it.
c. It is recommended that washing be done 3 times, although once
may suffice.
d. Extending washing slightly beyond the stipulated area is
recommended.
NOTE:

108
Video Clip downloaded courtesy of AlHidayah Centre Portal (Perth)Video Clip downloaded courtesy of AlHidayah Centre Portal (Perth)

The following may cause wudhu’ to be nullified in which case,
wudhu’ has to be re-taken before one can perform Swolah:
1)1) when impurities proceed from the ‘two lower openings’ viz. Stool,when impurities proceed from the ‘two lower openings’ viz. Stool,
gas, worm, urine, seminal or prostatic fluid (gas, worm, urine, seminal or prostatic fluid (madzimadzi););
2)2) when one loses consciousness through sleep, drowsiness, fainting,when one loses consciousness through sleep, drowsiness, fainting,
etc.;etc.;
3)3) when one touches, with the bare palm of the hands, any genitalswhen one touches, with the bare palm of the hands, any genitals
including one’s own;including one’s own;
4)4) bare skin contact with person of the opposite gender whosebare skin contact with person of the opposite gender whose
relationship is within marriageable degree.relationship is within marriageable degree.

““And if ye find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand orAnd if ye find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand or
earth and rub therewith your faces and hands.”earth and rub therewith your faces and hands.”
((Qur’an: Al-Maa-idah: 5: 6Qur’an: Al-Maa-idah: 5: 6))

 In exceptional cases where water is not available or cannot be
used, the alternative to an obligatory bath (ghusl’) and ablution
(wudhu’) is TAYAMMUM (dry ablution using sand or dust).
 With intention, the palm of the hands are tapped on the
surface of sand or earth, where there is fine dust.
 Blow any coarse sand away and then wipe the face with the
palms, top downwards, only once.
 Repeat the tapping the second time and wipe the two hands up
to elbow, right and left (it must be done in this order.)
THE EXCEPTION
HOW IS IT DONE ?

””O children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every timeO children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time
and place of prayer”and place of prayer”
((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 31Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 31))

1.1. One must ensure that the dress/attire used for swolah cleanOne must ensure that the dress/attire used for swolah clean
from “from “najasatnajasat” (impurities).” (impurities).
2.2. For ladies, the area of coverage is the whole body except forFor ladies, the area of coverage is the whole body except for
the face and the palms of the hands – (shape of the womanthe face and the palms of the hands – (shape of the woman
must be concealed by wearing loose clothing).must be concealed by wearing loose clothing).
3.3. For men, the area between the navel and the knees mustFor men, the area between the navel and the knees must
not be exposed.not be exposed.
4.4. Of course the material used must not be transparent.Of course the material used must not be transparent.
5.5. And the dress ‘ attire / prayer matt used are obtained legallyAnd the dress ‘ attire / prayer matt used are obtained legally
or from ‘or from ‘halalhalal’ income or means.’ income or means.

““(Allah has) made for me the (whole surface of the) earth pure and as a(Allah has) made for me the (whole surface of the) earth pure and as a
place for prostration (place for prostration (masjidanmasjidan); thus wherever a person finds himself to be,); thus wherever a person finds himself to be,
let him perform his swolah at that place which he can find (himself to be).”let him perform his swolah at that place which he can find (himself to be).”
((Hadith reported by Bukhary Muslim and AhmadHadith reported by Bukhary Muslim and Ahmad))

 All place that are clean and free from filth or impurities
(najasah) can be used to perform swolah.
 No swolah ought to be performed in slaughter-house,
garbage dump, toilet, stables, public access, or where it
endanger ones life.
 Swolah cannot be performed on the roof of the Ka’bah or
on a grave.

““ set up regular prayers: for such prayers are enjoined onset up regular prayers: for such prayers are enjoined on
believers at stated times.”believers at stated times.”
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103))

 Subuh – or Fajr - from dawn until the sun begins to rise
 Zuhr – beginning of the afternoon, when the noon sun shift
to begin casting shadow upon an object; and it ends when ‘Asr
starts.
 ‘Asr – begins when the shadow of an object equals and begin
to exceed its length. It will end when the sun begins to set upon
the horizon.
 Maghrib – after the sun has completely vanished beyond the
horizon and sky is casted with glow of dusk. It ends when Isha’
begins.
 Isha’ – nightfall, will last till Fajr arrive.

““O you who have believed, when [the Adzan] is calledO you who have believed, when [the Adzan] is called
for the prayer on the day offor the prayer on the day of JUMU’AHJUMU’AH [Friday], then[Friday], then
proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade.proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade.
That is better for you, if you only knew.“That is better for you, if you only knew.“
((Qur’an: Juma’ah : 62: 9Qur’an: Juma’ah : 62: 9))

““ O ye who believe! let not your riches or yourO ye who believe! let not your riches or your
children divert you from the remembrance of Allah.children divert you from the remembrance of Allah.
If any act thus, the loss is their own.”If any act thus, the loss is their own.”
((Qur’an: Munaafiqun: 63: 9Qur’an: Munaafiqun: 63: 9))

“Between the man and disbelief (KUFR) is
the abandonment of the prayer (SWOLAH).”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Ibnu Majah, Abu Dawud and Muslim)

““Whoever forget to perform Swolah or (missedWhoever forget to perform Swolah or (missed
doing it because) of sleep, he is to perform itdoing it because) of sleep, he is to perform it
(that swolah) whenever he remembers it.”(that swolah) whenever he remembers it.”
((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

““Whoever forget (to perform) Swolah or wasWhoever forget (to perform) Swolah or was
missed doing it because of being) asleep, hismissed doing it because of being) asleep, his
reparation (reparation (KAFARAKAFARA) is to perform it (that swolah)) is to perform it (that swolah)
when he remembers it.”when he remembers it.”
((Hadith reported by Bukhary and MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim))

““Whoever missed performing Swolah (within its time)Whoever missed performing Swolah (within its time)
because of being asleep or have forgotten, the time for himbecause of being asleep or have forgotten, the time for him
to do it (the missed swolah) is when he remembers about it.”to do it (the missed swolah) is when he remembers about it.”
((Hadith reported by Bukhary and MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim))

Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said: The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w.Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said: The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w.
used to combine (used to combine (JAMA’JAMA’) obligatory Swolah of Zuhr’) obligatory Swolah of Zuhr’
with ‘Asr, Maghrib with ‘Isha’ (while domiciledwith ‘Asr, Maghrib with ‘Isha’ (while domiciled ** ) in) in
Madinah without apparent reason (excusable) of fearMadinah without apparent reason (excusable) of fear
((KHAUFKHAUF), or rain. He was then asked as to why did), or rain. He was then asked as to why did
these, and he replied :”So that (it becomes) a way outthese, and he replied :”So that (it becomes) a way out
(to ease) my ummah (by setting this precedence).”(to ease) my ummah (by setting this precedence).”
** Full raka’at withoutFull raka’at without QasrQasr (shortening) as this(shortening) as this QasrQasr only for travelers (only for travelers (musafirmusafir).).

““now shall We turn thee to a direction (now shall We turn thee to a direction ( QIBLAHQIBLAH ) that shall please) that shall please
thee. Turn then thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque (inthee. Turn then thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque (in
Makkah); wherever ye are turn your faces in that direction.”Makkah); wherever ye are turn your faces in that direction.”

““now shall We turn thee to anow shall We turn thee to a QiblahQiblah that shall please thee.that shall please thee.
Turn then thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque;Turn then thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque;
wherever ye are turn your faces in that direction.”wherever ye are turn your faces in that direction.”

 Whenever one is to perform the Swolah, the direction isWhenever one is to perform the Swolah, the direction is
towards the most ancient House of Worship ever built fortowards the most ancient House of Worship ever built for
mankind i.e. The Ka’bah in Makkah.mankind i.e. The Ka’bah in Makkah.
 If we are for example in Singapore, the direction to face isIf we are for example in Singapore, the direction to face is
towards the north-West (291° clockwise on compass) –towards the north-West (291° clockwise on compass) –
direction of Makkah vis-a-vis Singapore.direction of Makkah vis-a-vis Singapore.
 If uncertain, ask any Muslims domiciled in the country you areIf uncertain, ask any Muslims domiciled in the country you are
in, or use your best judgement in orientating yourself.in, or use your best judgement in orientating yourself.

FIVEFIVE
PRE-REQUISITESPRE-REQUISITES
FOR SWOLAHFOR SWOLAH
CULTURE OF HYGEINE; CLEANLINESS;CULTURE OF HYGEINE; CLEANLINESS;
MANAGEMENT OF PURITY OF WATERMANAGEMENT OF PURITY OF WATER
WATER ENGINEERING, AQUA-DUCT,WATER ENGINEERING, AQUA-DUCT,
FOUNTAINS, STREAMS, IRRIGATIONFOUNTAINS, STREAMS, IRRIGATION
BATHING , (HAMAM) BATHE HOUSESBATHING , (HAMAM) BATHE HOUSES
STATE OF PURITY

MODEST DRESSING; ADDED TO VARIETY OF ETHNICITIES;MODEST DRESSING; ADDED TO VARIETY OF ETHNICITIES;
FIVEFIVE
PROLIFERATION OF USE OF VARIOUS CLOTHESPROLIFERATION OF USE OF VARIOUS CLOTHES MODE OF DRESSING

FIVEFIVE
MOSQUES, RESPECT FOR ALL SURFACES ON THIS EARTH ,
PLACE

FIVEFIVE
ASTRONOMY, CHRONOMETER, PRAYER TIME-TABLE TIME

FIVEFIVE
ASTROLABE, COMPASSES, NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS, MAPS,
DIRECTION AND ORIENTATION GUIDE.
DIRECTION

LAA – HAU-LA - WA-LAALAA – HAU-LA - WA-LAA
QUW-WATA IL-LA BIL-LAAHQUW-WATA IL-LA BIL-LAAH
‘‘There is no strength nor powerThere is no strength nor power
except with Allexcept with Allaah.’h.’

"O my Lord! make me one who establishes regular Prayer,"O my Lord! make me one who establishes regular Prayer,
and also (raise such) among my offspring (who establishand also (raise such) among my offspring (who establish
regular Prayer) O our Lord! and accept Thou my Supplication.regular Prayer) O our Lord! and accept Thou my Supplication.
"O our Lord! cover (us) with Thy Forgiveness― for me, my"O our Lord! cover (us) with Thy Forgiveness― for me, my
parents, and (all) Believers, on the Day that theparents, and (all) Believers, on the Day that the
Reckoning will be established!"Reckoning will be established!"
((Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 40-41Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 40-41))

"Our Lord! Grant unto us spouses and offspring who will be"Our Lord! Grant unto us spouses and offspring who will be
the comfort of our eyes and give us (the grace) to lead thethe comfort of our eyes and give us (the grace) to lead the
righteous."righteous."
((Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 74Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 74))

““And may the Salutations of Allah and peace be upon ourAnd may the Salutations of Allah and peace be upon our
Leader MuhammadLeader Muhammad
and his family and Companions.and his family and Companions.
And all praises belongs to Allah,And all praises belongs to Allah,
Lord Sustainer of the worlds.”Lord Sustainer of the worlds.”

143
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