[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-#4(january-2016)-lesson-#3c-reflection on term “al-bahr'-ameeq”contemporary-challenges-(16-april-2016)

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)
Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English
Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
LESSON # 3cLESSON # 3c
Using text & curriculum he has developed especially forUsing text & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.
"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of
Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the
Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from
Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”
(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)
THEME: “Advice regarding Four aspects”“Advice regarding Four aspects”
REFLECTION ON TERM “AL-BAHR AMEEQ”REFLECTION ON TERM “AL-BAHR AMEEQ”
Analyzing the contemporary challenges directed upon
the proverbial ‘UMMATIC SHIP ’
PARTPART ## 44
(January -(January -20162016))
Updated 16 APRIL 2016

"I have been sent with JAWAMI’ AL-KALEEM (i.e., the shortest expression
carrying the widest meanings), and I was made victorious with awe (fear
cast into the hearts of the enemy), and while I was sleeping, the keys of
the treasures of the earth were brought to me and were put in my hand."
(Hadith reported by Bukhary)
PREVIOUS LESSON

IMAM ABU HAMID AL-GHAZALIE (R.A.)
AN-NASEEHAH
The Sincere Advice
IDZAL – MAR – U – KAA - NAT - LAHU – FIK –RAH
FA – FEE - KUL – LI – SHAY- IN – LA – HU – ‘IB - RAH
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016)) PREVIOUS LESSON

“O Allah! Grant favours in our hearing, in our sight and in our strength to be
always upon Your Path. And make our yearnings and desires to be in accord
with everything (teachings and guidance) which has been brought by Your
beloved Muhammad - salutations of Allah and peace be upon him.”
ALLAA-HUM-MA – MA-TI’-NAA – BI-AS-MAA-INAA – WA
– AB-SWAA-RI-NAA – WA- QUW-WAA-TI-NAA- FEE- SA-BEE – LIK, -
WAJ – ‘AL – HA-WAA-NAA –TA-BA-’AN- LI-MAA – JAA – A – BI-HI – HA-BEE-BU-KA
– MUHAM-MADUN – SWOL-LAL-LAA-HU –’ALAI-HI - WA-SAL-LAM

Hadith extracted from: ‘NASA-IHU AL-’IBAAD ‘ALAA SHARHI AL-
MUNABBIHAT ‘ALA AL-ISTI’DAD LI-YAUMI AL-MA-’AD’
Sheikh Imam Muhammad Nawawi bin Umar al-Jawi al-Bantani
famous Nusantaran scholar and Imam in Makkah (1813-1897)

O Aba Dzar! Renew the ship, for verily the ocean is deep,
And take complete provision, for verily the journey is far,
And lighten the load, for verily the obstacles are almost insurmountable,
And be sincere in your deeds, for verily the scrutinizer of faults
is The Seeing (Allah).
AN-NAASEEHAH
The Sincere Advice
THE HADITH
PREVIOUS LESSON

JADDID
(RENEW)
A RELEVANT REFLECTION
(PREPARING FOR THE POST-MODERNIST CHALLENGE)
PREVIOUS LESSON

AS-SAFEENAH
(THE SHIP; ARK; VESSEL; BOAT)
O Aba Dzar! Renew the ship,
for verily the ocean is deep
PREVIOUS LESSON

AL-BAHRA ‘AMEE-Q
( THE SEA (OCEAN) IS DEEP )
O Aba Dzar! Renew the ship,
for verily the ocean is deep
NOW TO CONTINUE

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: The Messenger of Allah as saying:
“Each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible for his
flock. The amir (ruler) who is over the people is a shepherd and is
responsible for his flock; a man is a shepherd in charge of the
inhabitants of his household and he is responsible for his flock; a
woman is a shepherdess in charge of her husband's house and
children and she is responsible for them; and a man's slave is a
shepherd in charge of his master's property and he is responsible
for it. So each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible
for his flock.”
(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud)

““O YOU who have attained to faith! Ward off fromO YOU who have attained to faith! Ward off from
yourselves (i.eyourselves (i.e. save yourself) and those who are. save yourself) and those who are
close to you (AHLI-KUM) that fire [of the hereafter]close to you (AHLI-KUM) that fire [of the hereafter]
whose fuel is human beings and stones: [lording]whose fuel is human beings and stones: [lording]
over it are angelic powers awesome [and] severe,over it are angelic powers awesome [and] severe,
who do not disobey Allah in whatever He haswho do not disobey Allah in whatever He has
commanded them, but [always] do what they arecommanded them, but [always] do what they are
bidden to do.”bidden to do.”
((Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 6Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 6))
TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH

TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH
““Every child is born in a state of pure innocence (Every child is born in a state of pure innocence (FITWRAHFITWRAH),),
It is the parents then who would make him to becomeIt is the parents then who would make him to become
a Jew or a Christian or a Pagan.”a Jew or a Christian or a Pagan.”
((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

““INDEED, there has come unto you [O mankind] a Messenger
[Muhammad] from among yourselves: heavily weighs -upon
him [the thought] that you might suffer [in the life to come];
full of concern for you [is he, and] full of compassion and
mercy towards the believers.”.”
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 128Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 128))

“Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth is
exalting Allah, (AL-MAALIK) the Sovereign , (AL-QUDDUS) the
Pure, (AL-’AZEEZ) the Exalted in Might , (AL-HAKEEM) the
Wise .
It is He (Allah) who has sent among the unlettered a
Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses
(Signs) and purifying them (to grow in purity) and teaching
them the Book (AL-KITAAB) and wisdom (AL-HIKMAH) -
although they were before in clear error –”
(Qur’an: Juma’ah: 62: 1-2)

“ And [to] others of them (AA-KHAREEN) who have not
yet joined them. And He is (AL-’AZIZ) the Exalted in
Might, (AL-HAKEEM) the Wise.
That is the bounty of Allah, which He gives to whom He
wills, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty.”
(Qur’an: Juma’ah: 62: 4-5)

““O you who have believed, (O you who have believed, (IISwSwBIRUBIRU) persevere and () persevere and (SwSwOBIRUOBIRU))
endure and (endure and (ROBIROBITwTwUUUU) remain stationed (strengthening one) remain stationed (strengthening one
another) and (be conscious of and) fear Allah (another) and (be conscious of and) fear Allah (WAT-TAQULLAAHWAT-TAQULLAAH))
that you may be successful (that you may be successful (TUF-LITUF-LIHHUUNUUN).”).”
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 200Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 200))
TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH
PREVIOUS LESSON

 With exposure (or rather being immersed) in a secular-system, whenceWith exposure (or rather being immersed) in a secular-system, whence
today with the secular liberal idea being propagated, many youngtoday with the secular liberal idea being propagated, many young
Muslims have begun to imitate extolling slogan of incitement toMuslims have begun to imitate extolling slogan of incitement to
‘‘freedomfreedom’ and ‘’ and ‘individualismindividualism’ as though it is an absolute birthright.’ as though it is an absolute birthright.
 Post-modernist creed-like slogan of skepticism towards all that isPost-modernist creed-like slogan of skepticism towards all that is
traditional, is now the trend embraced by few of those Muslims who maytraditional, is now the trend embraced by few of those Muslims who may
bethink of themselves as being the “bethink of themselves as being the “elites, intellectuals, progressive,elites, intellectuals, progressive,
liberal-minded, rational, moderate, academic, etcliberal-minded, rational, moderate, academic, etc.” of the community..” of the community.
 These Muslims are mostly the product of purely the national educationThese Muslims are mostly the product of purely the national education
which promotes a secular (or non-religious) approach to learning as thewhich promotes a secular (or non-religious) approach to learning as the
dominant philosophy, in which their Islamic studies (if any) are regardeddominant philosophy, in which their Islamic studies (if any) are regarded
as mere subjects acquired as supplementary, not the core.as mere subjects acquired as supplementary, not the core.
ONE OF THE RELEVANT CONCERNS

 Whereas, the aim and objective of an “Whereas, the aim and objective of an “Islamic educationIslamic education” is that it is” is that it is
singular (singular (TAUTAUHHEEDICEEDIC) holistic endeavor, where learning is regarded as an) holistic endeavor, where learning is regarded as an
‘IBAADAH‘IBAADAH – worship - including even in the pursuit of worldly sciences and– worship - including even in the pursuit of worldly sciences and
skills, as it regard these as complementary to Muslim total Islamicskills, as it regard these as complementary to Muslim total Islamic
development.development. Yet, the dominant philosophyYet, the dominant philosophy oror rraison d'être in this
approach is to subject Muslimsis to subject Muslims toto AD-DEEN-UL-ISLAMAD-DEEN-UL-ISLAM - regarding Muslims’- regarding Muslims’
faith (faith (IIMANIIMAN) practice () practice (‘AMAL‘AMAL) and Righteous character () and Righteous character (IIHHSANSAN).).
 There is no dichotomy in the ‘education’ for Muslims between that ofThere is no dichotomy in the ‘education’ for Muslims between that of
religion (religion (DEENDEEN) and the other () and the other (UKHRA-DUNYAWIYUKHRA-DUNYAWIY) i.e. worldly sciences.) i.e. worldly sciences.
 Without inculcation of theWithout inculcation of the DEENDEEN as theas the dominant concerndominant concern in Muslims’in Muslims’
pursuit in other fields of learning, national ‘schooling’ alone (thoughpursuit in other fields of learning, national ‘schooling’ alone (though
important) isimportant) is not regarded as synonymousnot regarded as synonymous with our ‘with our ‘ Islamic educationIslamic education’.’.

 Unfortunately, many Muslim parents do not subscribe to suchUnfortunately, many Muslim parents do not subscribe to such
philosophy of education, although they may provide lessons onphilosophy of education, although they may provide lessons on
Islam (IRK - Islam Religious Knowledge) for them whoIslam (IRK - Islam Religious Knowledge) for them who then learntthen learnt
Islam merely as subjectsIslam merely as subjects, whereas their, whereas their dominant philosophy indominant philosophy in
education still remain seculareducation still remain secular..
 Their drive and primary motivation for their children’s education isTheir drive and primary motivation for their children’s education is
purely ‘purely ‘pragmatismpragmatism’ i.e. for socio-economic reasons, while learning’ i.e. for socio-economic reasons, while learning
and inculcation of theand inculcation of the DEEN-AL-ISLAMDEEN-AL-ISLAM is relegated to be lessis relegated to be less
important, as part-time extra-curricular sessions, of learning onimportant, as part-time extra-curricular sessions, of learning on
Islam as subjects.Islam as subjects.

 Many religious teachers too are now directed to imitate and adoptMany religious teachers too are now directed to imitate and adopt
the conventional (secular) schooling approach of teaching, devoidthe conventional (secular) schooling approach of teaching, devoid
of the traditional Prophetic method that exude the spirit ofof the traditional Prophetic method that exude the spirit of
DA’WAHDA’WAH (calling others to Islam) and(calling others to Islam) and ISLAISLAHH (reconciling and(reconciling and
reforming the Muslims).reforming the Muslims).

 We have becomeWe have become ungrateful to the legacy left by our predecessorsungrateful to the legacy left by our predecessors whowho
understood the purpose of Muslims being educated with Al-Islam:,understood the purpose of Muslims being educated with Al-Islam:,
““It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselvesIt is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves
((YAT-LU ‘ALAY-HIM AA-YAA-TIHIYAT-LU ‘ALAY-HIM AA-YAA-TIHI) reciting to them His verses and () reciting to them His verses and (YU-ZAK-YU-ZAK-
KEE-HIMKEE-HIM) purifying them (and make them grow) and () purifying them (and make them grow) and (YU-’AL-LI-MU-HUMYU-’AL-LI-MU-HUM))
teaching them the Book (teaching them the Book (AL-KITAABAL-KITAAB) and wisdom () and wisdom (AL-AL-HHIKMAHIKMAH)) whereas
before that they were indeed, most obviously, lost in error …””
((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2))

“ … and [to cause this message to spread] from them unto other
people as soon as they come into contact with them: for He alone is
almighty, truly wise! Such is Allah's bounty: He grants it to anyone
who is willing [to receive it]: for Allah is limitless in His great
bounty.“
(Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3-4)

““ ((UUD-’UUUUD-’UU) Invite (or call all mankind) to the way of) Invite (or call all mankind) to the way of
your Lord with (your Lord with (AL-AL-HHIKMAHIKMAH) wisdom and good) wisdom and good
instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best.”instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best.”
((Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125))

““And thus have We willed you to be a community of the middle wayAnd thus have We willed you to be a community of the middle way
((UMMATAN WASOTANUMMATAN WASOTAN) [i.e. justly balanced],) [i.e. justly balanced], so that [with your lives]so that [with your lives]
you might bear witnessyou might bear witness to the truth before all mankind (to the truth before all mankind (SHUHADAA-SHUHADAA-
A - ‘ALAN-NAASA - ‘ALAN-NAAS) , and the Messenger as a witness over you.“) , and the Messenger as a witness over you.“
((Qur’an: al- Baqarah: 2:143Qur’an: al- Baqarah: 2:143))

 Now some of these Muslims are assuming community leadership andNow some of these Muslims are assuming community leadership and
may be unaware that Al-Islam is not a ‘religion’ like other religion, butmay be unaware that Al-Islam is not a ‘religion’ like other religion, but
rather asrather as AD-DEENAD-DEEN which aims to the building of awhich aims to the building of a TAMADDUNTAMADDUN
(civilization).(civilization).
 Especially those tutored by Orientalists and academics with secularEspecially those tutored by Orientalists and academics with secular
worldview, although are aware of this fact about Islam, nevertheless areworldview, although are aware of this fact about Islam, nevertheless are
vehemently opposed to this notion being taught to Muslims asvehemently opposed to this notion being taught to Muslims as
alternative worldview. They have very low regard for Islamic teachings,alternative worldview. They have very low regard for Islamic teachings,
history, legacy - tradition, etc. and want the Muslims of today to ratherhistory, legacy - tradition, etc. and want the Muslims of today to rather
accept ‘secularism’ or hoped to be somewhat secularized withaccept ‘secularism’ or hoped to be somewhat secularized with
liberalism, pragmatism, modernism, etc..liberalism, pragmatism, modernism, etc..

 To some of them, “To some of them, “Islam as a CivilizationIslam as a Civilization” is to be regarded as a threat” is to be regarded as a threat
and present a formidable challenge to their hegemony, and thus are inand present a formidable challenge to their hegemony, and thus are in
fact already responding with their meddling into Islamic discourse (nowfact already responding with their meddling into Islamic discourse (now
with some unwary Muslims), to confuse and weaken thewith some unwary Muslims), to confuse and weaken the UMMAHUMMAH
further.further.
 When they kept it to themselves, there was not much of a problem. ButWhen they kept it to themselves, there was not much of a problem. But
now, this insidious ‘trend’ has emerged even to challenge and evennow, this insidious ‘trend’ has emerged even to challenge and even
hijack Islamic discourse. The proverbialhijack Islamic discourse. The proverbial UMMATICUMMATIC – ship, is being– ship, is being
undermined.undermined.
NOW TO CONTINUE INSHA-ALLAH

IMPORTANT REALITY OF OUR PURPOSE IN LIFE STRUGGLEIMPORTANT REALITY OF OUR PURPOSE IN LIFE STRUGGLE
““DO MEN THINK that on their [mere] saying, “We have
attained to faith”, they will be left to themselves, and will
not be put to a test?””
((Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 2Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 2))

““Yea, indeed, We did test those who lived before them; and so,
[too, shall be tested the people now living: and] most certainly
will Allah mark out those who prove themselves true, and
most certainly will He mark out those who are lying.””
((Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 3Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 3))

““Among theAmong the believers are men who have [always] been truebelievers are men who have [always] been true
to what they have vowed before Allahto what they have vowed before Allah: Of them some have: Of them some have
fulfilled their obligations (with their lives), and some of themfulfilled their obligations (with their lives), and some of them
are still waiting (for its fulfillment) without having changedare still waiting (for its fulfillment) without having changed
[their resolve] in the least.”[their resolve] in the least.”
((Qur’an: al-Ahzab: 33: 23Qur’an: al-Ahzab: 33: 23))

“And do not say about those who are killed in the way of Allah,
"They are dead." Rather, they are alive, but you perceive [it]
not.”
(Qur’an: Baqorah:2: 154)

“And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger
and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to
the patiently persevering (SWOBIREEN)”
(Qur’an: Baqorah:2: 155)

“Who, when disaster strikes them, say, "Indeed we belong to
Allah, and indeed to Him we will return." Those are the ones
upon whom are blessings from their Lord and mercy. And it is
those who are the [rightly] guided (MUHTADUUN).”
(Qur’an: Baqorah:2: 156-157)

““Indeed, those who have said, "Our Lord is Allah " and thenIndeed, those who have said, "Our Lord is Allah " and then
remained on a right course (remained on a right course (ISTIQOMAHISTIQOMAH) - the angels will descend) - the angels will descend
upon them, [saying], "Do not fear and do not grieve but receiveupon them, [saying], "Do not fear and do not grieve but receive
good tidings of Paradise, which you were promised.”good tidings of Paradise, which you were promised.”
((Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 30)Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 30)

“We [angels] were your allies in worldly life and [are so] in the
Hereafter. And you will have therein whatever your souls desire,
and you will have therein whatever you request [or wish]”
(Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 31)

““As accommodation (hospitable gift) from a [Lord who is]As accommodation (hospitable gift) from a [Lord who is]
Forgiving and Merciful.”Forgiving and Merciful.”
((Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 32)Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 32)

“And who is more unjust than one who invents about Allah
untruth while he is being invited to Islam. And Allah does
not guide the wrongdoing people.
They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their
mouths, but Allah will perfect His light, although the
disbelievers dislike it. ”
(Qur’an: Saff: 61: 7-8)

“It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the
religion of truth to manifest it over all religion, although
those who associate others with Allah dislike it.”
(Qur’an: Saff: 61: 9)

“O you who have believed, shall I guide you to a
transaction that will save you from a painful punishment?
[It is that] you believe in Allah and His Messenger and
strive in the cause of Allah with your wealth and your
lives. That is best for you, if you should know. . ”
(Qur’an: Saff: 61: 10-11)

“He will forgive for you your sins and admit you to
gardens beneath which rivers flow and pleasant
dwellings in gardens of perpetual residence. That is the
great attainment.
And [you will obtain] another [favour] that you love -
victory from Allah and an imminent conquest; and give
good tidings to the believers. ”
(Qur’an: Saff: 61: 12-13)

O you who have believed, be supporters of Allah, as when Jesus, the
son of Mary, said to the disciples, "Who are my supporters for Allah?"
The disciples said, "We are supporters of Allah."
(Qur’an: Saff: 61: 14)

“O you who have believed, whoever of you should revert
from his religion - Allah will bring forth [in place of them] a
people He will love and who will love Him [who are] humble
toward the believers, powerful against the disbelievers; they
strive in the cause of Allah and do not fear the blame of a
critic. That is the favour of Allah; He bestows it upon whom
He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing. ”
(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 54)

ALLAA-HUM-MA - YAA – MAN – WAF-FAQA – AH-LAL –ALLAA-HUM-MA - YAA – MAN – WAF-FAQA – AH-LAL –
KHKHOYRI- LIL-OYRI- LIL-KHKHOY-RI - WA – ‘AA - NA-HUM - ‘ALAY-HI,OY-RI - WA – ‘AA - NA-HUM - ‘ALAY-HI,
WAF - FIQ-NAA – LIL -WAF - FIQ-NAA – LIL -KHKHOYRI - WA – A - ‘IN –NAA – ‘ALAY- HIOYRI - WA – A - ‘IN –NAA – ‘ALAY- HI
““O Allah! (You) Who grant success and assistanceO Allah! (You) Who grant success and assistance
upon the doers of goodness in their ability to do good,upon the doers of goodness in their ability to do good,
grant upon us the success and the ability to do good.”grant upon us the success and the ability to do good.”

 Not exhaustive,
 Yet there is an important area of
studies regarding the sign of the
‘Last days’ or Islamic eschatology
which need to be looked into –
 Insha-Allah.
IDENTIFYING THE DANGERS AFFECTING THIS UMMAHIDENTIFYING THE DANGERS AFFECTING THIS UMMAH

A PROPHECY
A PROPHECY AL-WAHNU

The Messenger of AllahThe Messenger of Allah said: “The people will soon summonsaid: “The people will soon summon
one another to attack you as people like in a banquet invitingone another to attack you as people like in a banquet inviting
others to share their dish. “ Someone asked: “Will that beothers to share their dish. “ Someone asked: “Will that be
because of our small numbers at that time?”because of our small numbers at that time?”
He replied: “No, you will be numerous at that time: but youHe replied: “No, you will be numerous at that time: but you
will be scum and rubbish like that carried down by a torrent,will be scum and rubbish like that carried down by a torrent,
and Allah will take fear of you from the breasts of your enemyand Allah will take fear of you from the breasts of your enemy
and afflict ‘and afflict ‘Al-WahnAl-Wahn’ into your hearts. Someone asked: What’ into your hearts. Someone asked: What
is ‘is ‘Al-WahnAl-Wahn’ ?” Messenger of Allah’ ?” Messenger of Allah He replied: “Love of theHe replied: “Love of the
world and hatred of death.”world and hatred of death.”
( Hadith reported by Abu Dawud )
A PROPHECY
A PROPHECY
From Tsauban r.a. :From Tsauban r.a. :
AL-WAHNU

A PROPHECY
A PROPHECY LIZARD’S HOLE

The Messenger of AllahThe Messenger of Allah ‫ﷺ‬ said: “You would tread the samesaid: “You would tread the same
path as was trodden by those before you inch by inch and steppath as was trodden by those before you inch by inch and step
by step so much so that if they had entered into the hole ofby step so much so that if they had entered into the hole of
the lizard, you would follow them in this also.the lizard, you would follow them in this also.
We said: Allah's Messenger, do you mean Jews and ChristiansWe said: Allah's Messenger, do you mean Jews and Christians
(by your words)" those before you"?(by your words)" those before you"?
HeHe ‫ﷺ‬ said: Who else (than those two religious groups)?said: Who else (than those two religious groups)?
( Hadith reported by Muslim)
A PROPHECY
A PROPHECY
From Abu Sa-’id al-Khudri r.a. :From Abu Sa-’id al-Khudri r.a. :
LIZARD’S HOLE

IDENTIFYING THE DANGERS AFFECTING THIS UMMAHIDENTIFYING THE DANGERS AFFECTING THIS UMMAH

CHALLENGES TOWARDS THIS UMMAHCHALLENGES TOWARDS THIS UMMAHEXTERNAL

CHALLENGES TOWARDS THIS UMMAHCHALLENGES TOWARDS THIS UMMAHEXTERNAL
TO BE CONTINUED INSHA-ALLAH

[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-#4(january-2016)-lesson-#3c-reflection on term “al-bahr'-ameeq”contemporary-challenges-(16-april-2016)

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